Glosář

[Research needed]

Acqua Viva

Acqua Viva (meaning "Living Water" in Italian) was the Bashkirtseff family's former residence in Nice, which they had occupied before moving to the despised Villa Baquis in 1873. The villa represented everything that Villa Baquis was not - elegance, proper social standing, and respectability.

Adam

The Bashkirtseff family's cook who has become Paul's corrupting companion and mentor.

Adelina Patti

[Research needed]

Adeline

Adeline was a friend in Paris who appears in Marie's diary in November 1880. On November 4, Adeline arrives and, "unable to bear it," sends Marie a note asking her to come that evening. Marie spends the evening at Adeline's home.

Affaires Etrangeres

[Research needed]

Aivazovsky (Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky)

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (1817-1900) was a Russian Romantic painter considered one of the greatest marine artists in history. Marie attended his exhibition at Hôtel Chauvain in Nice on March 1, 1874.

Aïvazowsky

Ivan Aivazovsky (1817-1900), famous Russian-Armenian marine painter renowned for his seascapes.

Ajax

The Ajax brothers - two young men who dine with the Bashkirtseff family.

Akhtyrka (Okhtyrka)

Akhtyrka (Ukrainian: Охтирка, Okhtyrka; Russian: Ахтырка) is a city in northeastern Ukraine, located on the Vorskla River in what is now Sumy Oblast. During the 1870s, it was the administrative center of Akhtyrsky Uyezd (district) in the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire.

Alberic Second

French writer, journalist, and playwright (1817-1887). Second was a prominent literary figure in Second Empire and Third Republic Paris, known for his wit and social connections. He frequented the salons of Paris society and was part of the intellectual circle that included Emile de Girardin.

Alcibiades

Alcibiades (c. 450-404 BCE) was an Athenian statesman, orator, and general during the Peloponnesian War. Known for his beauty, intelligence, and controversial character.

Alexander II of Russia

Alexander II (29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881. He is known as Alexander the Liberator for his historic Edict of Emancipation, which officially abolished Russian serfdom in 1861.

Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 BCE), known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

Alexandre

Alexandre was one of Marie's uncles, a son of [#Grand_papa](Grand_papa.md). Marie describes him and his wife as forming "un couple excessivement rapace, cupide et heureux" (an excessively rapacious, greedy and happy couple).

Alexandre Dumas

Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870) was a French novelist and playwright, author of classics such as "The Three Musketeers" and "The Count of Monte Cristo." He was one of the most popular French authors of the 19th century.

Alexandria (Alexandrie)

Egyptian port city, embarkation point for Hamilton's journey to Constantinople.

Alexis

[Research needed]

Allard

Marie's hairdresser in Nice. Professional who styles Marie's hair for social events.

Alphonse Daudet

Person - Writer

Alphonse Daudet (1840-1897) was a French novelist and short story writer, famous for his vivid, observational style and his ability to capture contemporary Parisian life with both humor and pathos.

Amanda

[Research needed]

Amelie

[Research needed]

Amelie Gioia

[Research needed]

Amigues

Amigues was a Bonapartist political figure active in Paris in 1880, working alongside Paul de Cassagnac in support of the Imperial cause.

André Nicolaïevitch

A good-natured older Russian gentleman, always part of the Souvoroff circle, who participates enthusiastically in Nice carnival festivities.

Andrionoff

Russian acquaintance in Nice who accompanies the family to Monier's dressmaking shop.

Anglaise

[Research needed]

Anglican Church

The Anglican Church (Church of England) was the established Protestant church of England. Many British residents in Nice would have attended Anglican services.

Anitchkoff

The Anitchkoff family (also spelled Anichkov) was a prominent Russian noble family that appears frequently in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary. They were part of the Russian expatriate community in Nice during the 1870s.

Anna

Georges' companion or romantic interest.

Antonelli

[Research needed]

Antonsky

Mme Antonsky - member of Nice society whom Marie's mother visits.

Apletcheïeff

Russian gentleman in Nice who greets Marie's mother.

Araujo

[Research needed]

Arene

[Research needed]

Arnaud

[Research needed]

Arnaud de l Ariege

[Research needed]

Arsène Houssaye

French novelist, poet, and man of letters (1815-1896). Director of the Comédie-Française and prolific author.

Arson

Person connected to the Bashkirtseff household, possibly a servant or employee.

Astrolabe

A racehorse that won at Cagnes, mentioned by Marie in February 1873.

Atelier

[Research needed]

Atelier Julian

[Research needed]

Auda

Seamstress or dressmaker who works for the Bashkirtseff family.

Audiffret

The Audiffret family was one of the most frequently mentioned families in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary during her time in Nice (1873-1874), with over 40 references. They appear to have been a prominent local French family, part of the established Nice society that mixed with the international winter visitors.

Auguste

Servant or attendant who informs Marie where her mother has gone.

Avenue d Antin

[Research needed]

Avenue de la Gare

Street in Nice near the train station where the pastry shop Fai/Fay is located.

Avigdor

Mlle Avigdor - young woman of Nice society who made her debut at Mrs. Prodgers' ball on January 1, 1874.

Azarevitch

Russian man who blushes when Kechko is mentioned, suggesting romantic interest.

Arsène Houssaye

French novelist and critic (1815-1896), wrote popular books about royal mistresses and courtesans.

A Midsummer Night's Dream (Le songe d'une nuit d'été)

Shakespeare's comedy, performed as an opera or musical adaptation at Nice theater. Marie finds it boring and lacking intrigue.

Alexander Pushkin

Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799-1837) was Russia's greatest poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Marie mentions him as a contemporary of her maternal grandfather.

Amélie Zillhardt

Amélie Zillhardt was a fellow student at the Académie Julian in November 1880. She witnessed Marie crying under her monk's hood at the atelier and "was quite astonished," having come to see if Marie's display of emotion was genuine or a joke.

B

Babanine (Family Name)

The Babanine (Babanin) family was Marie Bashkirtseff's maternal family line. Marie's mother was Maria Stepanovna Babanina, and the family claimed ancient Tatar nobility origins dating to the first Mongol invasion of Russia.

Bach

Bachmakoff (M. Bachmakoff)

M. Bachmakoff was a Russian official who had served as vice-governor of Poltava, Ukraine, during the time when Marie's mother (Maria Stepanovna Babanina) was a young woman there. The family encountered him in Geneva in 1870 during their flight from Baden-Baden when the Franco-Prussian War was declared.

Baden-Baden

Baden-Baden is a spa town located in southwestern Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. During the 19th century, it was one of Europe's most fashionable and prestigious resort destinations, earning the nickname "Summer Capital of Europe." The town was particularly popular among European aristocracy, including Russian nobility, and was known for its thermal baths, casino, and cultural attractions.

Bailleul

[Research needed]

Ballorre

[Research needed]

Balzac

[Research needed]

Bar-le-Duc

Race horse from Duke of Hamilton's stable, ridden to multiple victories by Prince Louis Esterhazy.

Baron Bach

A Russian baron who appeared in Nice society in February 1873. Marie notes he might be suitable for her sister Dina.

Baron Cartier

Baron who rides horses with Gioia.

Baron Finot

A wealthy, titled figure whom Marie wishes Boreel could be. Marie expresses that if Boreel were Baron Finot, she would be "the happiest of mortals." This reference reveals Marie's preoccupation with titles and wealth in her romantic considerations.

Baron P.S.C.

A baron who visits the Bashkirtseff household on Friday reception days. Marie refers to him only by initials.

Baron de Nervo

[Research needed]

Baron de lAriege

[Research needed]

Barresse

Horse owner at Nice races in 1874.

Barter Family

English family in Nice society. Marie considers them ordinary, not part of the elegant world.

Bas relief

[Research needed]

Bashkirtseff

[Research needed]

Basilevitch

[Research needed]

Bastille

[Research needed]

Batourine

A Russian gentleman who was Marie's mother's suitor in their youth. Friend of Georges and Stiopa, encountered at Wiesbaden during the family's German spa visit.

Beaulieu

Coastal town between Nice and Monaco, site of social excursions.

Belleville

[Research needed]

Belmare

A property or villa in Nice that the Bashkirtseff family visited and considered for residence in February 1873.

Bensa

Bensa was one of Marie Bashkirtseff's teachers in Nice during 1873. Based on diary entries, he appears to have been responsible for arranging other professors for Marie's extensive educational program and also taught her directly.

Beraud

[Research needed]

Berlin

Berlin was the capital of the German Empire (1871-1918) and the Kingdom of Prussia. In Marie's time, it was one of Europe's major political and cultural capitals.

Berthe (Berthe Boyd, Mlle Boyd)

Berthe is **Berthe Boyd**, also referred to as "Mlle Boyd" in Marie's diary. She was a 12-year-old English girl from an aristocratic family whom Marie first met in Baden-Baden around 1870.

Bescherelle

[Research needed]

Bête

Nickname for someone in Marie's household who makes tactless comments.

Beyens

[Research needed]

Biarritz

Biarritz is a fashionable seaside resort town on the Atlantic coast of southwestern France, in the Basque Country near the Spanish border.

Biasini

Peasant who visits the Bashkirtseff household and causes scandal by being given a cigarette in their salon.

Bichinsky

[Research needed]

Bijou

Someone known to the family whose distinctive curled hairstyle becomes a reference point for describing Lambertye's appearance.

Bikowsky

Bikowsky was an acquaintance of the Bashkirtseff family, a small man whom Marie had not seen for some time before their chance encounter in Paris in August 1873.

Black Prince

A riding horse used by Marie for her morning rides with Paul in Nice.

Blanc (Family)

French family in Paris society. "Le petit Blanc" (young Blanc) is rumored in 1880 to be having an affair with Berthe, Marie's married friend.

Blanche Boyd

English society girl who marries Lord Henry Paget.

Blancho

M. Blancho - encountered in Nice society. Seen near Bashkirtseff home watching Marie with a lady in a fiacre (May 5, 1874).

Blumel

Name used by Anna at charity auction.

Bogreyeff

[Research needed]

Bois de Boulogne

Famous Parisian park and fashionable promenade, site of spring social gatherings Hamilton was expected to attend.

Boishébert

[Research needed]

Bojidar

[Research needed]

Bonnat

[Research needed]

Boreel

Alfred Boreel, frequently mentioned in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary, was a young man she regularly encountered during the winter social season in Nice in 1873. Based on Marie's descriptions, he appears to have been:

Bosslovleff

Russian family with daughters ("demoiselles Bosslovleff") who attend social events in Nice.

Bouchon

Shoe merchant in Nice, described disparagingly by Marie.

Bouguereau

William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) was one of the most celebrated French academic painters of the 19th century. He was a professor at the Académie Julian and served as a juror for student competitions and Salon submissions.

Boulanger

[Research needed]

Boulevard Haussmann

[Research needed]

Boulevard Malesherbes

A fashionable boulevard in Paris's 8th and 17th arrondissements, connecting Place de la Madeleine to Parc Monceau. In the late 19th century, it was an elegant residential area with townhouses (hôtels particuliers) housing wealthy Parisians.

Boutowsky Family

Russian family who have become the new social favorites in Nice, displacing others in the Howard circle.

Bouville

[Research needed]

Bouvin

Bouvin was a contemporary artist known to Rodolphe Julian and Marie in 1880. When Julian critiqued Marie's painting from Mont-Dore in October 1880, he described it as "a mixture of Bastien-Lepage and Bouvin."

Boyd

[Research needed]

Boyd Family

The Boyd family was an English aristocratic family that Marie Bashkirtseff encountered in Baden-Baden around 1870. The family represented the kind of fashionable, well-connected international elite that Marie desperately wanted to join as a child.

Brady

A person who recognizes Marie along with Dady. Part of Nice society.

Bragelonne

"Le Vicomte de Bragelonne" - the third and final volume of Alexandre Dumas' d'Artagnan trilogy, following "The Three Musketeers" and "Twenty Years After."

Bravura Family

A family in Nice's social circle in the 1870s. Marie mentions "les petits Bravura" (the little Bravuras) attending the Aivazovsky exhibition on March 1, 1874, suggesting they were children or young people.

Brazza

[Research needed]

Breslau

[Research needed]

Brisbane

One of Marie's artist models and friends at the atelier in Paris during early 1881. Brisbane is described as one of Marie's "principaux modèles et complaisants à l'infini" (principal models and infinitely obliging).

Broglie

[Research needed]

Brunet

A servant in the Bashkirtseff household. Marie is mortified to find herself blushing when his name is mentioned.

Bussi

Jeweler in Nice who sells diamond jewelry and ornaments.

Bussy d Amboise

[Research needed]

Bute

A name that fascinates Marie, similar to how Hamilton's name affected her.

Baron de Saint-Clair

French aristocrat and accomplished marksman who participated in Monaco pigeon shoots.

C

Cadet Roussel

A theatrical farce performed at the French Theater in Nice on May 2, 1873, during Fontaine's benefit performance. Marie describes it as "une farce comme je n'en ai jamais vu" (a farce like I've never seen), suggesting it was particularly silly or outrageous.

Cairo (Le Caire)

Capital of Egypt, part of Duke of Hamilton's Middle Eastern travels.

Calais

[Research needed]

Camden

[Research needed]

Comte de Camprien

French count attending lunch at the Teplakoffs.

Canaprien

A person the Bashkirtseff family encountered during the Nice Carnival festivities.

Canepa

A property in Nice that Marie's family was considering for residence. After viewing "Belmare" and finding it too small, Marie decides they should focus on acquiring or renting Canepa. She walks with Emile to speak with Mme Canepa, presumably the owner or landlady.

Cannes

Elegant resort town on the French Riviera, west of Nice, famous for its British aristocratic visitors.

Capoul

[Research needed]

Capucins (Capuchin Monastery, rue de la Santé)

The Capuchin monastery on rue de la Santé in Paris was one of many religious establishments affected by the anti-clerical laws of the early Third Republic. By November 1880, only three fathers (priests) remained there.

Carabacel

A hillside neighborhood in Nice, now part of the Cimiez area. In the 1870s, it was a popular area for horseback riding excursions, offering scenic views of the city and Mediterranean.

Carbonnel

[Research needed]

Carlo Hamilton

Brother of the Duke of Hamilton, spotted by Marie in Nice. Described as having "divine" bearing reminiscent of his brother.

Caro

[Research needed]

Carolus-Duran

Charles Auguste Émile Durand, known as Carolus-Duran (July 4, 1837 – February 17, 1917), was a French painter and art instructor, noted for his stylish depictions of members of high society in Third Republic France. He was among the most celebrated portrait painters working in Paris in the 1870s and 1880s.

Carvalho

[Research needed]

Casa Riera

[Research needed]

Casino de Dieppe

[Research needed]

Cassagnac pere

[Research needed]

Catherine Eristoff

Catherine is Nini's sister (Nini being married to Paul, Marie's cousin). She is identified as "sœur de Nini" and accompanies the family during their summer at Gavronzi.

Caucasus

The Caucasus is a mountain region between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, at the border between Europe and Asia. In the 19th century, it was a frontier zone of the Russian Empire.

Cayenne

[Research needed]

Cercle Imperial

[Research needed]

Cercle Masséna

The Cercle Masséna was one of Nice's most prestigious aristocratic clubs, founded in 1861. Located in the heart of Nice's fashionable district, it served as a key social institution for the European aristocracy wintering on the French Riviera during the 1870s. Marie Bashkirtseff frequently mentions the Cercle as a destination for her family's social outings.

Cercle de la Méditerranée

Elite men's club in Nice with prominent balcony overlooking the Promenade.

Cernitsky

[Research needed]

Chambre des Deputes

[Research needed]

Champs-Elysees

[Research needed]

Champs Elysees

[Research needed]

Charles

A young man whom Marie calls "mon Charles" (my Charles). She apparently damaged his hat and jokingly proposes that Dina should give him a new one as part of their betting game.

Charlotte Corday (play)

"Charlotte Corday" was a theatrical production that Marie attended with Saint-Amand on the evening of November 5, 1880. She notes she was "feeling fairly well" that evening.

Chateau des Cretes

[Research needed]

Chateaurenard

[Research needed]

Chaudordy

[Research needed]

Chaumont

[Research needed]

Chauvain

One of the principal hotels in Nice during the 1870s.

Chelmsford

[Research needed]

Cherubini

[Research needed]

Chimay

Person who drives with Lambertye in Nice.

Chislehurst

[Research needed]

Choupinski

Member of the aristocratic society in Nice, present at carnival festivities in the prefecture tribune.

Chtcherbine (Le petit Chtcherbine)

"Le petit Chtcherbine" (young Chtcherbine) was a boy being enrolled in Dr. Hactius's famous boarding school in Geneva in 1870. He was the son of a widowed Russian woman who had remarried M. Bachmakoff, a former vice-governor of Poltava.

Cinq femmes

[Research needed]

Cirque Fernando

The Cirque Fernando was a popular circus and entertainment venue in Paris, located in the Montmartre district at 63 boulevard Rochechouart. Built in 1875, it became known for both circus performances and as a venue for political meetings and gatherings.

Citoyen Bal

A member of the Droit des Femmes society, described by Marie as "l'homme à la tête invraisemblable" (the man with the unbelievable head).

Clemenceau

[Research needed]

Clement Laurier

[Research needed]

Clémentine

Woman constantly seen on Lewin's arm, likely his fiancée.

Clémentine Durand

Person whom Marie's mother used to look at in a particular way, used as comparison for how Lambertye looks at Marie.

Club

[Research needed]

Cochery

[Research needed]

Coco

Marie's horse, which she rode during outings in Nice. Coco appears to have been temperamental and difficult to manage.

Collignon

[Research needed]

Collin

[Research needed]

Colonna

[Research needed]

Colucci Family

A family in Marie's Parisian social circle.

Comedie Francaise

[Research needed]

Commune deportees

[Research needed]

Composition

[Research needed]

Comte Cetner

A count who appears in Marie's social circle in Paris during 1881. Present at the Juvisy dinner party on February 5, 1881.

Comte de Mulinare (Chevalier Edouard de Moelenar)

The Comte de Mulinare, whose name Marie also spells as "Chevalier Edouard de Moelenar," was a Belgian aristocrat who became the subject of Marie's mockery during her stay in Ostende in August 1874. He represents the first real-life example of what Marie calls a "Plobster" - her code word for men who attract attention but whom she finds ridiculous rather than genuinely attractive.

Comtesse Acard

[Research needed]

Concert Pasdeloup

The Concerts Pasdeloup were popular Sunday orchestral concerts in Paris, founded in 1861 by conductor Jules Pasdeloup (1819-1887). They were known as "Concerts populaires de musique classique" (Popular Concerts of Classical Music).

Concierge

[Research needed]

Concours

[Research needed]

Conquista

A person seen with Lambertye leaving the Duchess de Mouchy's residence.

Constantinople

Capital of Ottoman Empire (modern Istanbul), destination of Hamilton's Middle Eastern journey.

Coquelin

[Research needed]

Corot

[Research needed]

Coube

[Research needed]

Count Arnim

Prussian count mentioned in Nice social gossip. On March 1, 1874, Marie records hearing that "the prince is a great friend of Count Arnim" - suggesting Arnim was a significant figure in diplomatic or aristocratic circles.

Count Michel Tichkevitch

Count Michel Tichkevitch was a Russian aristocrat whom Marie Bashkirtseff encountered in Nice society during 1874.

Couvelet

[Research needed]

Crimea

Crimea is a peninsula jutting into the Black Sea from the southern coast of Ukraine. Most of the peninsula consists of steppe (prairie, often cool and dry), but the Crimean Mountains, which slope directly into the sea, create a second warmer and sunnier climate zone along the southern coast. This unique climate made Crimea an ideal location for health resorts, particularly the city of Yalta.

Crimean War

The Crimean War (1853-1856) was a major military conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain, and Sardinia. The war was primarily fought on the Crimean Peninsula.

Comtesse Harzinski

Polish aristocrat in Nice society during the 1870s.

Comte Lambertye

A count who makes Marie uncomfortable with his bold staring and apparent disrespect for her family's reduced social position.

Count Markoff

Russian count in Nice society.

Cercle de la Méditerranée

Social club in Nice hosting cultural events and charity benefits.

Comtesse de Mouzay

A French countess residing in Nice who is suffering from serious illness and receives visits from Marie's family.

Comte de Saint-Sauveur

French nobleman in Nice society.

Count Yorkoff

Russian nobleman in Nice society.

Comte de Charsy

French count in Nice social circle. Friend of Marie's father. Marie uncertain of spelling [?].

Comte de Lareld

French count seriously courting Mlle Spang in Nice.

Comtesse de Galve

Countess who has moved to London, envied by Marie.

D

Duke of Buckingham

George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham (1592-1628), English courtier and favorite of King James I and Charles I.

Da Costa

[Research needed]

Da Costa Motta

[Research needed]

Dady

A person who recognizes Marie along with Brady. Part of Nice society.

Daillens

[Research needed]

Dalgoutte

A ticket vendor or music shop in Nice where concert tickets are sold.

Dame de Monsoreau

[Research needed]

Daniloff

Mme Daniloff - Russian expatriate in Nice who provides lodging to the ill princess (likely referring to a member of Russian nobility).

Dautoy

A talented pianist, friend of Alexis, encountered at Mme Engelhardt's salon.

De Bargemsat

De Brazza

[Research needed]

De Daillens

[Research needed]

De Mertens

[Research needed]

Delacroix

[Research needed]

Delattre

[Research needed]

Delbecchi

Stationery shop owner in Nice where Marie purchases notebooks for her diary.

Demi-monde

[Research needed]

Denis Family

French family in Marie's Paris social circle in 1880. Both the father ("le père Denis") and mother ("la mère Denis") visit Marie.

Denyson

Flower vendor at the charity sale in Square Masséna, selling flowers alongside other vendors like the Durand family.

Derwies

A person (likely wealthy) who hosts concerts in Nice that Marie is eager to attend.

Desforges

Real estate agent or property broker in Nice involved in the Bashkirtseff family's purchase of Villa Carlone in 1874.

Dessin

[Research needed]

Détroit des Mouches

Specific area in Nice where certain society members congregate.

Detroyat

[Research needed]

Devaux

Chemistry teacher or tutor.

Diadia

Family member or close family friend.

Dieppe

Dieppe is a coastal town in Normandy, northern France, on the English Channel. In the late 19th century, it was a fashionable seaside resort popular with Parisian society during summer months.

Dieu

[Research needed]

Dina Babanina

Dina Babanina (also spelled Babanin) was Marie Bashkirtseff's cousin and a significant figure in her life. She appears in Marie's diary as a close companion and is also depicted in several of Marie's artworks.

Dis-moi Vénus

Song from Offenbach's "La Belle Hélène" that Marie performs.

Dnieper (Dniepr / Дніпро)

The Dnieper (Ukrainian: Дніпро, Dnipro; Russian: Днепр, Dnepr) is one of the major rivers of Europe, flowing through Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. Marie mentions it during her visit to Kremontchougy in summer 1881.

Document Humain

"Document Humain" (Human Document) is a literary concept that became particularly significant in late 19th century French literature, especially in naturalist and realist movements. The term refers to authentic, unfiltered human experiences and emotions documented in a way that reveals psychological and social truths.

Domenica (Mme Georges)

Domenica was the wife of Georges Babanine (Marie's uncle). She married Georges when she was thirty-six years old and already a widow with a daughter. Georges was only twenty at the time of their marriage. The marriage occurred sometime around 1853-1854, four or five years before Marie's birth in 1858.

Dominica Pavlovna

Mother of Étienne Babanine, Georges' ex-wife or relative.

Dominique

The coachman or driver for Marie's family. Marie gives him orders regarding their carriage movements during outings.

Doubelt

[Research needed]

Doucet

[Research needed]

Dover

[Research needed]

Dr. Hactius (Docteur Hactius)

Dr. Hactius (also spelled "Haccius" in some historical records) was the director of a famous boarding school (pensionnat) in Geneva, Switzerland, during the 1870s. The school served international students, particularly from Russian noble families.

Drillat

Person of low social standing whom Marie despises. Used as comparison for Georges's peasant friend.

Dubail

[Research needed]

Duc de Hamilton

[Research needed]

Duc de Mouchy

French aristocrat whom the tenor playing Shakespeare in "A Midsummer Night's Dream" resembles exactly.

Duc de Rivoli

[Research needed]

Duc de Tarente

[Research needed]

Duchess de Mouchy

French duchess attending the Grand Hotel concert with "l'Obélisque," a remarkably tall and beautiful woman.

Duchess of Hamilton

Wife of the Duke of Hamilton, traveling with him to Constantinople in 1874. Marie feels intense jealousy toward her.

Duchesse d Abrantes

[Research needed]

Duchod

Duchod was a Parisian stationery maker who created custom letterhead with drawings, mottos, and decorative elements for wealthy clients in the 1870s-1880s.

Dugue

[Research needed]

Duke of Bensa

Duke of Hamilton

The Duke of Hamilton mentioned in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary is likely William Alexander Louis Stephen Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton (1845-1895). He was a Scottish nobleman who held multiple titles including:

Duke of Manchester

Father of Lord Mandeville, related to Duke of Hamilton through marriage.

Duke of Vallombrosa

Italian nobleman with a magnificent villa in Nice that Marie visits on April 4, 1875. His wealth and beautiful property make Marie envious and reinforce her desire for luxury and high social status.

Dumas

[Research needed]

Durand

Woman discussed in context of social reception standards, alongside Lewin and Prodgers.

Dr. Fauvel

Dr. Fauvel was a Parisian physician who treated Marie in October 1880 for respiratory problems. He prescribed iodine and a blister (vésicatoire) - treatments Marie found horrifying, saying she would rather break an arm than endure a mustard plaster.

Duc et Duchesse de Mouchy

French noble couple, the Duke and Duchess of Mouchy, part of the high aristocracy visiting Nice.

Dr. Pierre-Charles Potain

Dr. Pierre-Charles Potain (1825-1901) was one of the most celebrated French physicians of the late 19th century, known particularly for his expertise in cardiology and pulmonology. Marie refers to him as "the celebrated, the great" Dr. Potain.

Dr. Rehberg

Doctor in Nice chosen by Khalkionoff's mother to replace Dr. Walitsky. Marie implies he provided less care than Walitsky.

E

Ecole des Beaux Arts

[Research needed]

Edmond

Professional cartomancer (card reader/fortune teller) operating in Paris in September 1877. Distinguished himself among his peers as "l'homme sérieux parmi les siens" according to Marie's assessment.

Edmond Adam

[Research needed]

Edmond de Goncourt

Person - Literary Figure

Edmond Louis Antoine Huot de Goncourt (1822-1896) was a French writer, literary critic, art critic, and book publisher, celebrated as one of the founding figures of literary naturalism along with his brother Jules de Goncourt (1830-1870). Together, the Goncourt brothers pioneered the concept of "document humain" that profoundly influenced the development of French naturalist literature.

Edouard III

Eglise

Cultural Reference - Philosophy

[Research needed]

Egor Stepanovitch

A man who arrives unexpectedly at the Bashkirtseff home on May 3, 1873. Marie is surprised but very happy to see him, and describes him as "Pauvre homme ! voilà encore une vie brisée !" (Poor man! there's another broken life!).

Egypt

- **January 18**: Marie notes about Hamilton: "ils passeront l'hiver en Egypte" (they will spend the winter in Egypt). This information about the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton's travel plans torments Marie as she sees reminders of him everywhere at the races.

Emile

An older man in Nice known for his cabriolet (two-wheeled carriage).

England

England appears in the diary primarily in connection with the Duke of Hamilton and English visitors to Nice.

English Teacher

Epictetus (Épictète)

Epictetus (Greek: Ἐπίκτητος; c. 50 - c. 135 AD) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. Born a slave in Phrygia (modern-day Turkey), he eventually gained his freedom and established his own school of philosophy in Nicopolis, Greece.

Ermolaïeff

Russian visitor to the Bashkirtseff household.

Ermont

[Research needed]

Etienne

Etienne was the son of Georges Babanine and his wife Domenica. He was Marie Bashkirtseff's cousin and the brother of Dina and Lola. He died at age sixteen, before Marie wrote her 1884 retrospective preface.

Eugene Rougon

[Research needed]

F

Fai or Fay

The best pastry chef and confectioner in Nice, located on Avenue de la Gare.

Father Levitsky

Russian Orthodox priest who will perform the blessing ceremony for the Bashkirtseff's new villa.

Faubourg Saint-Germain

[Research needed]

Faubourg Saint Germain

[Research needed]

Faudoas

[Research needed]

Faure

[Research needed]

Fedoroff

Russian expatriate in Nice who died suddenly while playing cards.

Fenelon

[Research needed]

Fenia

Servant in the Howard household.

Ferry

Ferry appears to be a bootmaker or shoe merchant in Nice during 1873. He is mentioned briefly in Marie Bashkirtseff's September 18, 1873 diary entry when she comments on the quality of boots she is wearing.

Figaro

[Research needed]

Filimonoff

Russian couple (M. et Mme Filimonoff) who request to hear Marie sing at the Howard dance.

Filippini

[Research needed]

Fiouloulou

Person Marie refers to as "clerk" - someone she avoids showing herself to at the theater.

Folies-Bergère

A famous Parisian music hall opened in 1869 on rue Richer (9th arrondissement). By 1881, it was one of Paris's most popular entertainment venues, featuring variety shows, operettas, and spectacles.

Fontaine

An actress at the French Theater in Nice. Marie attended her benefit performance on May 2, 1873.

Fortuné

Servant in the Bashkirtseff household responsible for Marie's wardrobe.

Fournier

[Research needed]

France

[Research needed]

Francia

Person who causes Marie to blush when entering Rumpelmayer's.

Francine

Dressmaker or fashion house, likely in Paris, where Marie had a green costume made.

Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)

The Franco-Prussian War (July 19, 1870 – May 10, 1871) was a conflict between France (under Napoleon III's Second Empire) and Prussia, backed by the North German Confederation and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg, and Bavaria. The thorough Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of the German Empire under King William I of Prussia and marked the downfall of Napoleon III and the end of the Second French Empire, which was replaced by the Third Republic.

French Theater in Nice

The French Theater in Nice (Théâtre Français de Nice) was an important cultural venue in Nice during the 1870s. It hosted French-language theatrical productions, including both classical plays and contemporary comedies. The theater served as a social gathering place for the local elite and foreign visitors, particularly the Russian expatriate community that had established itself in Nice.

Furstenberg

Young German man attending theater with his father and aunts.

Fusco

[Research needed]

G

Gabriel Gery

[Research needed]

Gaedes

[Research needed]

Gagarine

The Gagarine family (also spelled Gagarin) was part of the Russian aristocratic circle in Nice during the 1870s. With 20 mentions in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary, they were regular participants in the social life of the Russian expatriate community.

Galignani

Galignani's Messenger - English-language newspaper published in Paris for British expatriates and tourists.

Galliffet

[Research needed]

Galloni d'Istria

[Research needed]

Galloni d Istria

[Research needed]

Galula

A young man in Nice society who becomes the crucial intermediary between Marie Bashkirtseff and Emile Audiffret. He plays a key role in facilitating their first formal introduction.

Galve

An old man in Nice society who participates in shooting matches and associates with Lambertye's group.

Garach

Dressmaker or fashion house, used as inferior comparison to Worth.

Gaugiran

A woman whose appearance Marie finds unpleasant. Used as reference point in Marie's nightmare about Hamilton's wife.

Gavini Family

The Gavini family were important social connections for Marie Bashkirtseff in Paris during 1879. They represent Marie's efforts to establish herself in Parisian high society through strategic friendships.

Gavronzi

Place - Estate

Gavronzi was a countryside estate in the Poltava region of Ukraine where a dramatic custody confrontation occurred between Marie's maternal and paternal family members. The estate featured a yellow pavilion that became the setting for this pivotal family incident.

Geneva

Geneva (French: Genève) is a Swiss city that served as a crucial refuge for the Bashkirtseff family during the Franco-Prussian War (1870) and remained a place Marie appreciated for short visits throughout her life.

Genoa (Gènes)

Major Italian port city, destination for a planned trip that was abandoned.

Georges (Uncle, Marie's Mother's Brother)

Georges was Marie Bashkirtseff's maternal uncle, brother of Maria Stepanovna Babanina (Marie's mother). He was clearly a troubled and possibly criminal individual who caused enormous family dysfunction throughout his life.

Georges Sand

Person - Writer

Georges Sand (pseudonym of Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin, 1804-1876) was one of the most famous French writers of the 19th century. She was known for her prolific output, her unconventional lifestyle (including wearing men's clothing and smoking in public), her love affairs with famous men (including Chopin and Musset), and her novels exploring social issues.

Gerbel

[Research needed]

Gericault

[Research needed]

Gery

[Research needed]

Gioia

Gioia is a woman frequently mentioned in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary as the romantic interest or companion of the Duke of Hamilton. Her full identity is not clearly established in the diary entries, but based on Marie's descriptions, she appears to be:

Givry

[Research needed]

Gladstone

[Research needed]

Glaton

Jeweler or goldsmith in Nice.

Gloriae Cupiditas

Latin phrase meaning "Desire for Glory" that Marie uses as the title for what she considers the 82nd book of her diary. This marks the beginning of a new phase in her writing, coinciding with her return from the emotionally tumultuous Soden spa period in August 1878.

Goblet

[Research needed]

Goldsmid

[Research needed]

Gonin

Dressmaker in Nice whom the family had stopped using for over two years before this "solemn interview."

Gonzalès Family

The Gonzalès family was an Argentine family that Marie Bashkirtseff encountered in Baden-Baden around 1870. The family eventually became friends with the Bashkirtseffs despite initial misunderstandings involving romantic jealousy.

Gorpintchenko

[Research needed]

Gouchkevitch

A Russian gentleman in Nice society who was part of the drinking party with Boreel after the Cercle Masséna ball.

Gouin

Dressmaker in Nice creating ball gowns for society.

Grand Duchess Marie

Russian Grand Duchess getting married in 1874, mentioned at the top of Marie's list of notable weddings.

Grand Duke Alexis

Russian Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich (1850-1908), son of Emperor Alexander II. Remembered by Marie as exemplifying aristocratic perfection.

Grand Duke Nicolas

Russian Grand Duke, son of Grand Duke Constantin, marrying Mlle Skobeleff in 1874.

Grand Duke Vladimir (Voldemar)

Russian Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich (1847-1909), son of Emperor Alexander II. Marie remembers him as exemplifying aristocratic perfection like the Hamiltons.

Grand Hotel

A hotel in Nice mentioned in Marie's diary entry of May 1, 1873. This is where Mlle Collignon's former lover is staying with another woman, causing great distress to the governess.

Grand Prix

[Research needed]

Grand-maman

Grand-maman refers to Marie Bashkirtseff's maternal grandmother, the mother of Maria Stepanovna Babanina (Marie's mother). She was part of the Babanin family, Russian nobility with estates in Ukraine.

Grand-papa (Marie's Maternal Grandfather)

Marie's maternal grandfather, head of the Babanine family. He was a cultured Russian nobleman, poet, military officer, and intellectual who served in the Caucasus and was a contemporary of the great Russian Romantic poets Lermontov and Pushkin.

Grevy

[Research needed]

Gritsia

Person discussed by family as potential marriage prospect.

Gritz Miloradovitch

[Research needed]

Guy de Maupassant

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author celebrated as a master of the short story and a representative of the naturalist school. He depicted human lives, destinies and social forces in disillusioned and often pessimistic terms.

H

Hôtel de la Grande-Bretagne

Prestigious hotel in Nice, serving the international aristocratic community during the winter season.

Hamille

[Research needed]

Harpe

[Research needed]

Haton

Jeweler or goldsmith in Nice where Marie shops for accessories.

Haussmann

[Research needed]

Hauteville

[Research needed]

Hecht

[Research needed]

Hélène

Member of the Howard family, sister of Lise.

Hélène Howard

Daughter of the Howard family, part of Nice society. Object of Count Markoff's possible courtship.

Heritier de Russie

[Research needed]

Hernani

Play by Victor Hugo (1830), revolutionary romantic drama that caused riots at its premiere.

Hidalgo

Hippodrome

[Research needed]

Hitchcock

Hitchcock (first name unknown) was Marie Bashkirtseff's English conversation teacher in Nice during 1873. She is mentioned in Marie's September 15, 1873 diary entry as providing conversation lessons that Marie considered "more useful than all other things."

Holland (Netherlands)

The Netherlands, homeland of Boreel.

Hollande

[Research needed]

Homer's Iliad

Homer's epic poem about the Trojan War that Marie finishes reading on January 6, 1874.

Honorine

An actress performing at the [#French Theater in Nice](French_Theater_Nice.md) in March 1874. Marie saw her perform in the play "[#Les diables roses](Les_diables_roses.md)" on March 4, 1874.

Hotel d'Angleterre (Hotel of England)

One of the prestigious hotels in Nice during the 1870s, and one of two hotels where Marie believed the Duke of Hamilton was staying during the winter season of 1873.

Hotel Bristol

[Research needed]

Hôtel Chauvain

Hotel in Nice that served as an art exhibition venue in the 1870s. On March 1, 1874, it hosted an exhibition of marine paintings by the renowned artist Aivazovsky.

Hotel Continental

[Research needed]

Hotel de la Grande-Bretagne (Hotel of Great Britain)

One of the grand hotels in Nice during the 1870s, and one of two hotels where Marie believed the Duke of Hamilton was staying during the winter season of 1873.

Hotel Royal

[Research needed]

Hôtel de France

Hotel in Nice where Papa Furstenberg stays.

Hotel de Luxembourg

Luxury hotel in Nice where the Prince of Wales stayed during his visit in March-April 1875. Marie addresses her anonymous letter requesting a portrait to "A Son Altesse Royale, Monseigneur le Prince de Galles, Hôtel de Luxembourg à Nice."

Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo

Luxury hotel in Monte-Carlo, opened in 1864, adjacent to the casino.

Hôtel de la Couronne (Geneva)

The Hôtel de la Couronne was a hotel on the shores of Lake Geneva where the Bashkirtseff family initially stayed when they fled from Baden-Baden to Geneva in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War.

Hôtel de la Paix

Hotel in Nice used for social gatherings and concerts.

House of Worth

The House of Worth was a French haute couture fashion house founded by English designer Charles Frederick Worth (1825-1895) in Paris in 1858. Located at 7 Rue de la Paix, it was the premier fashion house in Paris during the Second Empire and Belle Époque periods, essentially creating the concept of haute couture as we understand it today.

Howard Family

The Howard family was one of the closest and most frequently mentioned families in Marie Bashkirtseff's 1873 diary. They appear to be English or Anglo-Irish expatriates living in Nice, and maintained a warm friendship with the Bashkirtseff family throughout this period.

Hubertine Auclert

French feminist, suffragist, and pioneering women's rights activist (1848-1914). Known as "the French suffragette," Auclert was one of the first French feminists to advocate for women's suffrage.

Huguenots

[Research needed]

Hunebelle

[Research needed]

Hutchins

Young man in Nice, likely English based on name.

Hippodrome de Longchamp (Longchamp Racecourse)

Place - Racecourse

The Hippodrome de Longchamp is a famous horse racing venue located in the Bois de Boulogne in Paris. Established in 1857 by Napoleon III, it became the premier location for fashionable society to gather during major racing events.

Hyacinthe Rigaud

Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743) was a French baroque portrait painter, most famous for his portraits of Louis XIV and other members of the French royal family and aristocracy. His style epitomized the grandeur and magnificence of the Louis XIV era.

I

Iliad (L'Iliade)

Homer's epic poem "The Iliad," which Marie reads in French translation during December 1873 in Nice. She finds profound parallels between the ancient Greek heroes' emotions and her own experience of love and loss.

Immensus

Married man in Nice society nicknamed "Immensus" (The Immense One), likely due to his size.

Imoda

[Research needed]

Imperatrice Eugenie

[Research needed]

Italie

[Research needed]

J

Jules Bastien-Lepage

Jules Bastien-Lepage (November 1, 1848 – December 10, 1884) was a French painter closely associated with the beginning of Naturalism, an artistic style that grew out of the Realist movement. He was one of the most celebrated painters in Paris in the early 1880s and became a significant figure in Marie's artistic and personal life.

Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre

Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (1737-1814) was a French writer and botanist, best known for his novel *Paul et Virginie* (1788). A friend and follower of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, he shared Rousseau's belief in the nobility of natural man and the corrupting influence of civilization.

Jean-Baptiste Greuze

Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805) was a French painter known for his sentimental genre scenes and portraits of young women. His work epitomized the refined, graceful aesthetics of the 18th century that Marie so admires.

Janvier de la Motte

[Research needed]

Janze

[Research needed]

Jarochewsky

Member of the Cercle de la Méditerranée in Nice.

Jeanne

[Research needed]

Jerome

[Research needed]

Jobal

[Research needed]

Joe Norris

One of the best marksmen who participated in Monaco pigeon shoots.

Johnstone

[Research needed]

Jonnie

Child at the Howard household who owns stilts.

Joseph

Joseph, son of Jacob, is famous in the Bible for his ability to interpret dreams. His story is told in the Book of Genesis.

Joseph Arnaud

[Research needed]

Joséphine

Household servant or messenger who handles errands.

Jouffroy

[Research needed]

Judic

[Research needed]

Jules Joseph Lefebvre

Jules Joseph Lefebvre (14 March 1836 – 24 February 1911) was a French academic painter and educator, best known for his idealized allegorical and mythological female figures, particularly his paintings of draped women.

Jules Valles

[Research needed]

Julia

[Research needed]

Julia Acard

[Research needed]

Julian (Atelier Julian)

Académie Julian, founded by Rodolphe Julian (1839-1907), was a private art school in Paris that accepted female students when the École des Beaux-Arts did not.

Julie Cornelius (Grand-maman)

Marie's maternal grandmother. Born Julie Cornelius (also spelled Cornélius), married Marie's grandfather (the Byronic poet and military officer) at age 15.

Juliette Lamber

[Research needed]

Juliette Lambert

[Research needed]

Justin

[Research needed]

Juvisy Family

The Juvisy family were Parisian acquaintances of Marie in October 1880. The family included a mother, and at least two daughters - "la petite Juvisy" (the younger Juvisy girl) and her sister.

Juvénal

[Research needed]

Jean-Antoine Watteau

Jean-Antoine Watteau (1684-1721) was a French Rococo painter famous for his delicate, elegant scenes of aristocratic leisure and theatrical characters. He is particularly known for inventing the genre of "fêtes galantes" - idyllic scenes of well-dressed figures in parkland settings.

K

Kapitanenko

Kapitanenko is mentioned as someone who was fetched to attend Paul and Nini's wedding celebration at Micha's country estate.

Karageorgevitch

[Research needed]

Karageorgevitch Prince

[Research needed]

Karageorgevitch Princesse

[Research needed]

Karitoff

Russian family who dines at London House and admires Marie, seeking to arrange a marriage match.

Karkoff (Kharkiv / Харків)

Karkoff (now Kharkiv, Ukrainian: Харків) is a major city in northeastern Ukraine, the second-largest city in Ukraine. In 1881, it was an important administrative, commercial, and cultural center of the Russian Empire.

Katia (Filimonoff)

Bride at the Filimonoff Russian Orthodox wedding Marie attends. A young Russian woman marrying into the Potemkine family.

Kazaï

A location in Baden-Baden where Marie once saw the Duke of Hamilton, now part of her treasured memories of him.

Kechko

Young woman described as "horribly beautiful" with a "detestable name" who causes Azarevitch to blush.

Khalkionoff

A young Russian man who dies in Nice on March 14, 1874 at 5 PM. Marie remembers him as good, upright, and modest.

Kharkoff (Kharkiv)

Kharkoff (Ukrainian: Харків, Kharkiv; Russian: Харьков, Kharkov) was a major city in northeastern Ukraine and the capital of Kharkov Governorate in the Russian Empire. In Marie's family history, it served as the theatrical setting for the elaborate courtship scheme to ensnare her uncle Romanoff.

Kiev (Kyiv / Київ)

Kiev (Ukrainian: Київ, Kyiv; Russian: Киев) is a major historic city in Ukraine, situated on the Dnieper River. Marie visits in July 1881 during her journey from Gavronzi back to Western Europe.

Kiki

Kiki was a visitor to Marie's home in Paris in October 1880. On October 17, Kiki came with Saint-Amand while Marie and her aunt were at the Concert Pasdeloup. On October 25, they found Kiki waiting when they returned home.

King Humbert

[Research needed]

King of Hanover

The last King of Hanover, whose son visits Nice in February 1874. Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866, ending the kingdom.

Kinsky

A young man who participates in jumping rope contests with Boreel and Emile d'Audiffret at the London House restaurant.

Klein

Klein was a shop on the boulevards of Paris where Marie purchased small accessories in August 1873. The shop also displayed photographs, including portraits by the photographer Walery.

Koulibiaks

Russian savory pies (кулебяка/kulebyaka), traditional festive food ordered by Marie for the villa blessing ceremony.

Krassowsky

Member of the Cercle de la Méditerranée in Nice.

Kremontchougy (Kremenchug)

Kremontchougy (Kremenchug/Кременчуг in Russian) is a town in the Poltava Governorate in central Ukraine, situated on the Dnieper River. Marie visits here during her Russian summer in 1881.

Kursaal

The Kursaal (from German: Kur = cure/treatment + Saal = hall) was the central social and entertainment venue at European spa resorts and seaside towns during the 19th century. In Marie Bashkirtseff's diary, the Kursaal appears primarily in her accounts of Ostende (August 1874).

L

L'Album

*L'Album* was a Bonapartist newspaper in Paris during the Third Republic. It was one of the journals where Paul de Cassagnac published his political writings.

Le Bec

Young man who appears to be romantically interested in Marie, whom she regards with amusement.

La Belle Hélène

Jacques Offenbach's operetta about Helen of Troy, premiered 1864.

La Cerny

La Cerny was a friend or acquaintance who appears in Marie's Paris social circle in October 1880. She visited Marie's home on multiple occasions, including:

La Colonelle

Woman in Nice society, likely wife of a colonel, who reports on social activities.

Les Courtisanes du Monde

Book by Arsène Houssaye about famous courtesans throughout history.

Le Droit des Femmes (Society)

Le Droit des Femmes (Women's Rights Society) was a feminist organization in Paris during the late 19th century, led by Hubertine Auclert. The society advocated for women's suffrage, legal equality, and social reforms.

La Falkenstein

Member of the aristocratic society in Nice, part of Princess Souvoroff's exclusive circle.

Lord Falkner

British aristocrat residing in or visiting Nice during the 1870s.

Léon Gambetta

Léon Gambetta (1838-1882) was one of the most important French political figures of the early Third Republic. His prominence in Marie's diary during 1879 marks a significant shift in her political views from Bonapartism toward Republicanism.

L'Impromptu de Versailles

*L'Impromptu de Versailles* (1663) is a one-act comedy by Molière, written as a response to critics of his earlier works. It's a meta-theatrical play in which Molière himself appears as a character, rehearsing his troupe for a performance before Louis XIV at Versailles.

La Citoyenne

A French feminist newspaper founded and edited by Hubertine Auclert in 1881. The title "La Citoyenne" (The (Female) Citizen) asserted women's claim to full citizenship rights.

La Muette de Portici

[Research needed]

La Musette

Social venue in Nice where the Bashkirtseff family encounters acquaintances.

La Reine (Isabel II of Spain)

"La Reine" in Marie's diary refers to Queen Isabel II of Spain (1830-1904), the exiled Spanish monarch who maintained a prominent salon at the Palais de Castille (Palacio Castilla) in Paris. After her forced abdication in 1868 during the Glorious Revolution, Isabel II lived in exile in France for the rest of her life.

La Saxe

Courtesan in Nice, nicknamed "The Saxon" suggesting German origin.

La Vallière (Book)

Book by Arsène Houssaye about Louise de La Vallière, mistress of Louis XIV.

La Vie mondaine

French society newspaper or magazine that Marie reads regularly, particularly for news about aristocratic society, marriages, and scandals. On New Year's Day 1874, she reads the description of the Duke of Hamilton's wedding in "La Vie mondaine," though she had already seen the details in an English review.

La joie de la maison

*La joie de la maison* is a comedy in three acts ("comédie en trois actes") written by Anicet Bourgeois and Pierre Decourcelle. The play was part of the popular repertoire of French provincial theaters during the 1870s.

Labanoff

Member of the aristocratic society in Nice, likely Russian nobility given the name.

Labrousse

[Research needed]

Lachaud

[Research needed]

Lacon

[Research needed]

Laferrière

Fashion house or couturier that Marie considers as an alternative to Worth for her clothing needs.

Lafond

[Research needed]

Lahirle

[Research needed]

Lais

Name of two famous Greek courtesans (hetaerae) from Corinth, 5th and 4th centuries BCE.

Lambessa

[Research needed]

Lancaster

[Research needed]

Larcher

Author of the book "La femme" which Marie orders from Visconti bookstore alongside Sainte-Beuve's "Les femmes célèbres."

Larderei (Comte de Larderel)

Count François Jacques de Larderel (1798-1858), French industrialist who invented a process for extracting boric acid from volcanic mud in Tuscany in 1827. Awarded the title Count of Montecerboli by Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Larivière

A person in Marie's circle at Atelier Julian or in her broader Parisian social network.

Larrey

[Research needed]

Las Cases

[Research needed]

Lassalle

[Research needed]

Latin Teacher

Marie's Latin instructor, whom she despises.

Laussel

Music teacher who gives Marie piano lessons in Nice.

Lautrec (Sacha)

Man used as comparison for Tchernichoff's personality type - appears to be a known womanizer with affected manners.

Lavrov

Person used as comparison for Baron Finot's appearance.

Le Bec

A young man in Nice society whom Marie nicknames "Le Bec" (The Beak). Appears at the Promenade des Anglais with his mother.

Le Bon Marché

Le Bon Marché was the first modern department store in Paris and a pioneering institution in retail history. Founded in 1838 as a small haberdashery by Aristide Boucicaut and his wife Marguerite, it underwent significant expansion in the early 1870s to become a revolutionary shopping destination. By 1873, when Marie Bashkirtseff visited Paris, Le Bon Marché had recently been expanded with the help of Gustave Eiffel's engineering firm and featured 22 departments across multiple floors with wide, open interiors.

Le Derby

French or European society newspaper that reports on aristocratic movements and sporting events, particularly horse racing.

Le Figaro

[Research needed]

Le Gaulois

[Research needed]

Le Ghait

[Research needed]

Le Pays

[Research needed]

Le Ruisseau

"Le Ruisseau" (The Stream/Brook) - piano piece played by Marie.

Le Sport

A widely-read Parisian newspaper or magazine covering society, arts, and sporting events in the early 1880s.

Le ravin (The Precipice)

"Le ravin" (The Precipice) is a Russian novel that Marie Bashkirtseff mentions reading in her September 1873 diary entries. Based on her descriptions of the characters and plot elements, this appears to be "Обрыв" (The Precipice) by Ivan Goncharov, published in 1869. In her diary, Marie refers to it by its French translation title "Le ravin."

Léa d'Asco

A demimondaine (courtesan or kept woman) in 1880s Paris, part of the public demi-monde visible at entertainment venues.

Leclerc

One of Marie's teachers who loves food and often speaks of dishes during lessons.

Leech

Woman in Nice social circle, possibly departed. Associated with Spang.

Lees

Staff members or representatives from London House brought to the Bashkirtseff carriage.

Lefebvre

[Research needed]

Lefevre

A dinner guest at the Bashkirtseff home on May 3, 1873, for Marie's mother's name day celebration. Listed among the guests along with the Anitchkoffs and Patton.

Lengle

[Research needed]

Leon

[Research needed]

Léon Say

Léon Say (1826-1896), French statesman, economist, and politician. He served multiple terms as Minister of Finance in the Third Republic and was a prominent moderate republican.

Lepere

[Research needed]

Les Châtiments

*Les Châtiments* (The Punishments) is a collection of political poems by Victor Hugo, published in 1853 while he was in exile. The work is a fierce satirical attack on Napoleon III and the Second Empire.

Les Décavés

Book or play featuring scandalous society figures.

Les Mirabeau

[Research needed]

Les Mirlitons

An art gallery or exhibition space in Paris where contemporary art was displayed in the early 1880s. Marie visits on February 7, 1881, to see portraits by Carolus-Duran and Bastien-Lepage.

Les Origines de la France

[Research needed]

Les diables roses

A theatrical play performed at the [#French Theater in Nice](French_Theater_Nice.md) in March 1874. Marie attended a performance on March 4, 1874, which featured the actress [#Honorine](Honorine.md).

Les martyrs de l'inquisition

A dramatic theatrical work performed at the [French Theater of Nice](French_Theater_Nice.md) in January 1873. The play dealt with themes of religious persecution during the Inquisition.

Lesseps

[Research needed]

Lewin

Man who appears to be romantically involved with Clémentine, possibly engaged.

Lewita

One of Paul's inappropriate adult companions who takes him to the casino.

Lieutenant Carey

[Research needed]

Lihopoy

Lihopoy is an acquaintance of the Bashkirtseff family in the Poltava region. Marie hopes he might be interested in her cousin Dina.

Linsdall

[Research needed]

Linselles

[Research needed]

Lise

Member of the Howard family, sister of Hélène.

Lise Howard

Younger sister in the Howard family, likely Elisabeth.

Logé

Young person attending social events in Nice, likely French based on name.

Lola

Lola was the daughter of Georges Babanine and his wife Domenica. She was Marie Bashkirtseff's cousin and the sister of Dina and Etienne.

London 1870s

- **January 14**: In her fantasy of adult life, Marie imagines living in Paris or London "selon les circonstances" (according to circumstances) and coming to Nice for a month to frolic with a chosen "bataclan" (rowdy group).

London House

London House was a popular upscale confectionery and café in Nice frequently mentioned in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary. It served as both a refreshment spot and a social hub for the aristocracy and wealthy visitors to the French Riviera in the 1870s.

Lord Byron

George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (1788-1824), known as Lord Byron, was a British Romantic poet and one of the most influential literary figures of the 19th century. Marie describes her maternal grandfather as "byronien" (Byronic).

Lord Carlos Hamilton

Younger brother of the Duke of Hamilton. Marie spots him driving in Nice on April 16, 1873, and cries out in surprise before covering by claiming Mlle Collignon stepped on her foot. She sees Lord Carlos as a potential connection to his brother - through him she could learn the Duke's whereabouts and speak about him.

Lord Henry Paget

British nobleman who marries Blanche Boyd in 1874.

Lord Mandeville

Son of the Duke of Manchester and brother-in-law of the Duke of Hamilton, traveling companion on Middle Eastern journey.

Louis XIV (The Sun King)

King of France (1638-1715), reigned 1643-1715. Known for absolute monarchy, Versailles, and numerous mistresses.

Louis XIV Court Characters

Historical figures from the court of Louis XIV that Marie uses to name her planned dogs at Villa 55.

Louise Michel

Louise Michel (1830-1905), French anarchist, teacher, and major figure in the Paris Commune of 1871. Known as "La Vierge Rouge" (The Red Virgin), she was one of the most prominent radical activists of her era.

Louvre

[Research needed]

Lucarini

Visitor at the Howard home, acquainted with Marie from Paris days.

Lucie Durand

A young Spanish woman with shocking social manners. Has at least two younger sisters.

Lundahl

[Research needed]

Luxembourg

The Luxembourg Gardens in Paris, famous public park where Black Prince was previously ridden.

Lyon

Lyon Exhibition

An exhibition in Lyon mentioned by Markevitch on May 2, 1873. She tells Marie that it featured "splendid things: landaus etc."

L'Obélisque (The Obelisk)

A remarkably tall and beautiful woman who attends the concert with the Duchess de Mouchy. Marie is captivated by her beauty and imagined goodness. Has become a beauty standard Marie uses for comparison.

Les demoiselles Roslowleff

Young Russian aristocratic women, part of Princess Souvoroff's social circle in Nice.

Les Tutcheff

Russian family that Marie's mother considers as an alternative living arrangement when feeling overwhelmed by social pressures.

La Viennoise (The Viennese Girl)

A young woman from Vienna whom Marie has admired from afar and finally meets at the Howard dance. Marie is surprised to learn she's unmarried, having assumed she was a widow.

La Vigier

Actress performing in Nice, likely at the French Theater.

M

Mme d'Apletcheieff

Russian aristocratic woman in Nice society, part of the elegant world Marie values.

Mme Balagny

A woman who makes inappropriate personal comments about Marie's physical development during a visit to the ill Comtesse de Mouzay.

M. Barnola

Attendee at Nice social events.

Mme Beketoff

Russian woman in Nice society whom Marie once mistook the Viennese girl for.

M. Bernisse

Man marrying the elder Mlle Sabatier in 1874.

M. Berr

Young man serving as groomsman at Filimonoff wedding.

Mlle Betalli

A young woman Marie met at the Howard residence on February 28, 1873.

M. Blanc

Likely François Blanc, developer of Monte Carlo Casino and resort.

Madame de Brimond

Madame de Brimond was a Parisian friend of Marie and her aunt in 1880. Marie describes her as "a charming woman."

Madame de Brimont

A woman in Marie's Parisian social circle during the early 1880s. Marie finds social interactions at Mme de Brimont's gatherings difficult, mentioning occasions where she couldn't find "deux mots de suite" (two words in a row).

Mme Connau

Singer performing in Nice concerts.

Mme d'Auzac

Part of the "troïka" of prefectural society women in Nice, along with Mmes del Borgo and de Bargemsat.

Mme Dachkevitch

Woman in Nice/Monaco society whom Marie found sympathetic.

Mme del Borgo

Part of the "troïka" of prefectural society women in Nice, along with Mmes d'Auzac and de Bargemsat.

Miss Elder

Miss Elder was Marie Bashkirtseff's English governess or teacher in Nice during 1873. As was common among aristocratic Russian families, English governesses were employed to teach language, deportment, and provide cultural education to young ladies.

Mme Emnaus

"Vieille Américaine" (old American woman) who hosts balls in Nice.

M. Gambart

Gentleman at theater in Nice society.

Madame Gredelue

Madame Gredelue was a young widow, age 25, who posed as a model for Marie at the Académie Julian in October 1880. Marie describes her as extraordinarily beautiful with striking coloring:

Mme Hamsley

Woman in Marie's social circle who went on carriage ride with Machenka and a violin-playing gentleman.

M. Hartung

A person who left a calling card at the Bashkirtseff residence, discovered belatedly by Marie's aunt.

Mlle Herminie Hirschler

Young Viennese woman, friend of Sophie Warrodel.

Mlle Kolokolzoff

Russian woman who is subject of mockery by Marie's social circle.

Mme Korsikoff

Russian woman in Nice society whom Marie particularly dislikes.

Mme Koulichoff

Russian married woman in Nice society. Marie finds her appearance unattractive.

M. de La Boissière

French gentleman in Nice society.

Mikhail Lermontov

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (1814-1841) was one of Russia's greatest Romantic poets, second only to Pushkin in literary fame. Marie mentions him as a contemporary of her maternal grandfather.

M Gavini

[Research needed]

M. Oustimovitch

M. Oustimovitch is the Marshal of Nobility (maréchal de la noblesse) for the entire Poltava Governorate, a position significantly higher than Marie's father's role as marshal for just one district.

M. Paskevitch

M. Paskevitch is a Russian aristocrat and former diplomat who suffered a dramatic fall from wealth and social position. Marie encounters him in Warsaw in July 1881.

M. Patchenko

M. Patchenko is the father-in-law of Paul (Marie's cousin). Marie describes him as having "une conduite aussi détestable" (detestable conduct) toward Paul and especially toward Paul's wife, whom he leaves without money in a foreign family.

M d Aspremont

[Research needed]

M de Baudry d Asson

[Research needed]

M de Morgan

[Research needed]

M de Tarente

[Research needed]

Ma tante (Marie's Aunt - Sophie)

"Ma tante" (my aunt) is one of the most important figures in Marie Bashkirtseff's early diary entries. Her name is Sophie, as revealed in the December 1873 entries. She served as Marie's primary guardian during the family's travels through Europe in 1873-1874, particularly during their stays in Vienna, Baden-Baden, Paris, and Nice.

Mabille

[Research needed]

Mac Donald

[Research needed]

Mac Loren

Woman in Nice society described as "très gentille."

Macaulay

Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859), British historian and Whig politician, author of "The History of England."

Machenka

Wife of Uncle Stiopa who visits Nice with him in January 1874 and continues as regular household companion.

Mâcon

Mâcon is a city in eastern France in the Burgundy region, located on the Saône River. It served as an important stop on the railway line between Paris and the Mediterranean coast.

Madame Brenne

Madame Brenne was one of Marie Bashkirtseff's French governesses during her childhood in Russia. She is described as having:

Madame Melnikoff

Madame Melnikoff was one of Marie Bashkirtseff's early Russian governesses during Marie's childhood in Ukraine, before the family left Russia in 1870. She was specifically responsible for teaching music and dance.

Madame de Sévigné

Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné (5 February 1626 – 17 April 1696), known as Madame de Sévigné, was a French aristocrat celebrated for her letters and epistolary style.

Madame l'Archiduc

A popular song or operetta that Marie is obsessed with in April 1875. She says she "raffole" (is crazy about) it and sings it constantly.

Madeleine

Cultural Reference - Literature

[Research needed]

Madeleine Delsarte

Fellow art student and friend of Marie Bashkirtseff at the Académie Julian in Paris.

Mademoiselle de Maupin

*Mademoiselle de Maupin* is a novel by Théophile Gautier, first published in 1835. It is one of the earliest French novels to explore cross-dressing and androgyny, and is considered a key text in the development of "art for art's sake" (*l'art pour l'art*).

Magnetisme

[Research needed]

Maille

[Research needed]

Makaroff

Makaroff (sometimes spelled Makarof in different sources) was one of Marie Bashkirtseff's teachers during her stay in Nice in 1873. He appears to have been a Russian expatriate who provided private lessons to children of Russian noble families.

Maman (Maria Stepanovna Babanina)

Maria Stepanovna Babanina (1833-1920) was Marie Bashkirtseff's mother and a significant influence in her life. She came from the Russian *petite noblesse* (lesser nobility) and was proud of her Tatar ancestry.

Manby

London tailor competing with Wolmershausen.

Manderstern

Manderstern was the marshal of nobility (maréchal de la noblesse) for the province (gouvernement) of Poltava in Russia in 1880. This was an elected position among the nobility, responsible for representing noble interests to the government.

Manet

[Research needed]

Mania

Charming young woman, sister of Katia who married Potemkine.

Manotte

Marie's music teacher who hosts musical matinées. Later revealed to be ill-tempered and disrespectful.

Mantel

Milliner who sends hats to Marie.

Marc

Member of Howard family circle, likely one of the children.

Marcuard

[Research needed]

Margot

Margot is the three-year-old daughter of Sperandio and his wife (Pacha's sister). Marie describes her as "gentille" (sweet/nice).

Marguerite

[Research needed]

Marie Anitchkoff

Young daughter of Mme Anitchkoff, described by Marie as one of the poorly dressed children.

Marie-Antoinette

Marie-Antoinette (1755-1793), Queen of France, wife of Louis XVI, executed during the French Revolution. Her tragic life and death became a subject of intense literary and historical interest in the 19th century.

Marie Bashkirtseff

Person - The Diarist

**Marie Bashkirtseff** (Maria Konstantinovna Bashkirtseva; 24 November 1858 – 31 October 1884) was the author of the diary we are translating. Ukrainian-born painter, sculptor, diarist, and proto-feminist who lived and worked in Paris. Died of tuberculosis at age 25.

Marie Filimonoff (Mania)

Daughter of the Filimonoff family, a young woman who asks Marie to call her by the diminutive "Mania." She is part of Marie's social circle in Nice.

Marie Ivanovna Perlik

Marie Ivanovna Perlik appears in a crucial anecdote in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary entry of September 1, 1873. She is presented as a woman who tried to warn Marie's mother against marrying Constantin Bashkirtseff (Marie's father).

Marie Presseq

[Research needed]

Marie Sapogenikoff

One of the Sapogenikoff daughters, a close friend of Marie Bashkirtseff in Nice during 1875. She is part of the Russian expatriate community and participates in social adventures with Marie.

Markevitch

A woman in Marie's social circle in Nice. She appears to be intelligent and observant, engaging in meaningful conversations with Marie about life, society, and personal matters.

Marquis de Bellevue

A French nobleman who was formally presented to Marie's mother at the Cercle Masséna ball on February 24, 1873.

Marquis de Casa Riera

[Research needed]

Marquis de Caux

[Research needed]

Marquis de Tarente

[Research needed]

Marquise Samels

A marquise who visits the Bashkirtseff household, mentioned alongside other aristocratic visitors in Marie's satirical commentary.

Marquise de San Carlos

A member of Parisian high society who hosts elaborate social events during the 1881 season.

Marseillaise

[Research needed]

Marseille

Major French Mediterranean port city where Piccon's separatist scandal was discussed.

Martel

[Research needed]

Martellet

[Research needed]

Martin-Bâton

Gardener at Villa 55 who owns a poodle that resembles Lambertye.

Martinez

[Research needed]

Mary-Helen

Daughter of the Boutowsky family, showing new friendliness to Marie.

Mary Stuart

Mash

Young person attending Dina's birthday party, likely male given context.

Mathilde

[Research needed]

Maufras

[Research needed]

Medaille

[Research needed]

Mediterranean

[Research needed]

Mendelssohn

Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847), German Romantic composer whose Mass Marie is studying.

Menton

Coastal town east of Nice near the Italian border, known for its mild climate and lemon groves.

Mercier

[Research needed]

Merck

Monaco pigeon shoot participant whom Marie considers "le bon Merck" (good Merck).

Meyer

Elderly Italian gentleman in Nice society.

Micaletti

Marie's Italian language teacher who began lessons on March 17, 1872, in Nice. Marie mentions being satisfied with her Italian lessons as well as her English lessons on February 12, 1873.

Michelezzi

Michelezzi (first name unknown) was Marie Bashkirtseff's Italian teacher in Nice during 1873. He is mentioned in Marie's September 15, 1873 diary entry when she proudly describes speaking Italian for the first time, causing her teacher to nearly "faint or throw himself out the window" with surprise or delight.

Michka Eristoff

[Research needed]

Miloradovitch

Gritsia Miloradovitch was a young Russian nobleman who appears frequently in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary as a potential suitor strongly favored by her mother.

Mirabeau

[Research needed]

M. de Miranda

M. de Miranda was a family friend who appears in Marie's diary in October 1880. He had a grown daughter of twenty years old but appeared quite young himself. Marie describes him as "very amiable."

Mitchell

[Research needed]

Mlle Acard

[Research needed]

Mlle Collignon

Mademoiselle Collignon is Marie's French governess during the Nice period (1873). She appears frequently in the diary entries, accompanying Marie on walks, visits, and various outings. Her role seems to be a combination of chaperone, companion, and educator.

Mlle de Sampieri

[Research needed]

Mme Abbatucci

[Research needed]

Mme Adam

[Research needed]

Mme Allen

Woman in Nice society described as "très, très aimable."

Mme Arnaud de Ariege

[Research needed]

Mme Arnaud de l Ariege

[Research needed]

Mme Casa Riera

[Research needed]

Mme Engelhardt

Russian or German woman in Marie's Paris social circle in late 1880. She hosts small evening gatherings attended by Marie and other Russian expatriates.

Mme Gavini

[Research needed]

Mme Lancaster

[Research needed]

Madame Ponce

Madame Ponce was Marie's guitar teacher, whom Marie refers to as "ma négresse" (my negress) - likely indicating she was of African or mixed-race origin. She taught Spanish songs and guitar.

Mme Sabatier

A society hostess in Nice who hosted a ball during the carnival season of February 1873.

Mme Salneuve

A visitor to the Bashkirtseff household in Nice. Her social standing and relationship to the family remain unclear from initial diary references.

Mme Teplakoff

Russian woman who visits Marie's sick mother, part of their Nice social circle.

Mme de Brimond

[Research needed]

Mme de Marcilly

[Research needed]

Mme de Mouchy

Mother of an exceptionally beautiful little girl who Marie admires.

Mme de Mouzay

Woman whose windows provide a viewing spot where Marie contemplates Hamilton. Also visits villa 55 with the Bashkirtseffs.

Mme de Rainbouille

[Research needed]

Mme de Souza

[Research needed]

Madame de Tunis

A woman in Parisian society who hosts social events during the 1881 season.

Molière

Molière (1622-1673) was the stage name of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, France's greatest comic playwright and one of the masters of world literature. His satirical comedies of French society remain classics of the theatrical repertoire.

Molins

[Research needed]

Monaco

The Principality of Monaco, a sovereign city-state on the French Riviera, was undergoing a dramatic transformation during Marie Bashkirtseff's time. From near-bankruptcy in the 1850s, Monaco had become one of Europe's most glamorous destinations by the 1870s, thanks to the establishment of the Monte Carlo Casino. Marie frequently refers to both "Monaco" and "Monte Carlo" in her diary, often using the terms interchangeably.

Monaco Casino

The famous Casino de Monte-Carlo in Monaco, opened in 1863.

Monaco Pigeon Shoot

Elite sporting event held at Monte Carlo in the 1870s, attracting international aristocracy and wealthy sportsmen.

Monier

Dressmaker/seamstress in Nice who does alterations and repairs.

Mont Blanc

Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in the Alps and Western Europe, standing at 4,808 meters (15,774 feet). Located on the French-Italian border, it is one of the most iconic peaks in Europe and has been visible from Geneva since antiquity.

Mont Dore

[Research needed]

Mont Vinaigre

A location near Nice where the Bashkirtseff family and the Howard family held a picnic on April 26, 1873.

Monte-Carlo

Monte-Carlo is a district of the Principality of Monaco, a small sovereign state on the French Riviera. It became internationally famous in the late 19th century for its casino and gambling facilities. The Monte-Carlo Casino, officially opened in 1863, was developed by the Société des Bains de Mer (SBM), founded by François Blanc, with the support of Prince Charles III of Monaco as a way to save the House of Grimaldi from bankruptcy.

Montecuculi de Merano

[Research needed]

Morales

[Research needed]

Moraës

[Research needed]

Moreau Family

The Moreau family were Parisian acquaintances who visited Marie on November 7, 1880, when Saint-Amand and la Cerny were also dining with Marie.

Morgan

[Research needed]

Mortier

Milliner (hat maker) in Nice where the family shops.

Moujik

Russian term for peasant, used by Marie to describe Allard's assistant.

Moussia

A young woman loved "sans espoir depuis l'enfance" (hopelessly since childhood) by Étienne Babanine, who requested his photograph be sent to her as he was dying.

Mouton

Mouton appears in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary as someone associated with horses in Nice during 1873. Based on the context of Marie's mentions, he was likely a stable owner, horse dealer, or riding instructor from whom Marie rented or borrowed horses for her rides.

Multedo

Multedo appears to be a friend or social acquaintance in Marie's Parisian circle during 1879. Mentioned 19 times in Book 13, suggesting a regular presence in her social activities.

Murcie

[Research needed]

Musee de Cluny

[Research needed]

M. Nagornoff

Musician giving concerts in Nice during 1874 season.

Mme Narichkine

Russian aristocratic woman, aunt of Prince Tchetvertinski. Part of the Russian nobility in Nice.

M. et Mme de Pierlay

Social visitors to the Bashkirtseff family in Nice during February 1873. Marie notes having a fifteen-minute conversation with them during an evening visit.

Monaco Pigeon Shoot (Tir aux Pigeons)

Elite sporting event at Monte Carlo involving live pigeon shooting competitions.

M. Potemkine

Russian gentleman, engaged to Mlle Filimonoff.

Mme Pristitiff

Woman acquaintance whom Marie planned to engage with playfully during carnival festivities.

Mme Randouin

Woman in Nice society with whom someone (likely Hamilton) danced.

Mme Richaud

A society woman in Nice whom Marie's mother visited on February 28, 1873.

Mademoiselle Samary

Jeanne Samary (1857-1890) was a celebrated French actress at the Comédie-Française, known for her beauty, charm, and infectious laughter. She became one of the most popular actresses in Paris during the 1870s-1880s.

Mme Silwanoff

Russian lady in Nice society, recipient of Marie's bouquet at concert.

Mlle Skobeleff

Russian noblewoman marrying Grand Duke Nicolas (son of Constantin) in 1874. Sister of Princess Belocelsky.

Mme Storiatine

Society hostess organizing charity events in Nice.

Mme Teplakoff

Russian lady in Nice society, frequently ill.

M. Tormosoff

Russian gentleman in Nice society.

Mademoiselle de Villevieille

Mademoiselle de Villevieille was a fellow student at the Académie Julian with noble origins (indicated by the "de" particle). She was a consistent companion of Marie's during artistic outings and Salon visits.

Madame Volkovitsky

Madame Volkovitsky was a Russian woman from Poltava who dined with the Bashkirtseff family in Paris in January 1880.

M. Zibine

Russian gentleman, concert commissioner in Nice.

N

Nadar

Famous French photographer (Félix Tournachon, 1820-1910), known professionally as Nadar, pioneer of photography.

Nadia

Friend or acquaintance of the Bashkirtseff family in Nice. Falls ill in early February 1874.

Nadine

Member of Marie's family, likely a relative staying with Marie's mother in Russia or Ukraine. Nadine writes letters to Marie in Paris keeping her informed about family matters.

Nadine Martinoff

Nadine Martinoff was a young orphan adopted by [#Vassilissa_Babanine](Vassilissa_Babanine.md), Marie's great-aunt. She became the central figure in a calculated fortune-hunting scheme, marrying Marie's uncle [#Alexandre](Alexandre.md) at age 15½.

Nancy

[Research needed]

Naples

Major Italian city considered as potential refuge by the Bashkirtseff family when Nice society becomes unbearable.

Napoleon I

[Research needed]

Napoleon III

[Research needed]

Napoleon by Dumas

A historical work by Alexandre Dumas about Napoleon Bonaparte. Marie reads this book aloud to her father on April 8, 1875, showing her enjoyment of Dumas' historical narratives.

Nastia

A woman in Nice society whom Marie observed talking with Boreel during the February 1873 promenade season.

Nathalie

Member of the Patton household who shows Marie around their home.

Nejentsov

Russian man who appears to be inappropriately attached to Paul, Marie's 14-year-old brother.

Nero

Roman Emperor (37-68 AD), infamous for tyranny and excess.

Nervo

A person at the Howard dance whom Marie associates with her Aunt Tutcheff in a mocking way.

Neuveglise

A fellow art student and friend at Atelier Julian in Paris. Neuveglise appears regularly in Marie's entries as one of her close companions at the atelier.

New Scotland

Dressmaker or fashion house in Nice where Marie orders clothing.

New Year's Eve

New Year's Eve celebrations and rituals as experienced by Marie Bashkirtseff in Nice. The most significant entry is December 31, 1873, where Marie performs an intimate midnight ritual with the Duke of Hamilton's photograph.

Nice

Marie Bashkirtseff's primary residence during the early years of her diary (1873-1874). The family lived in Nice, then part of France but recently annexed from the Kingdom of Sardinia (1860). A fashionable winter resort town on the French Riviera, attracting European aristocracy and wealthy families seeking the mild Mediterranean climate.

Nice Port

The port of Nice, visited by Marie on May 3, 1873. She goes there with Mlle Collignon in a carriage, initially joking about going to "see yachts."

Nice Races (Hippodrome de Nice)

Horse racing venue and major social event in Nice during the winter season.

Nicholas Nickleby

Novel by Charles Dickens (1838-1839) about a young man supporting his family.

Nicolini

[Research needed]

Nihiliste

[Research needed]

Nina

A companion who frequently accompanies Marie's family on outings and social activities. Appears to be part of the household or a close family friend who lives with or near the Bashkirtseff family in Nice.

Nini

Nini is a family member or close household companion who appears in Marie's diary entries during the Paris period. She is characterized as overly protective and emotionally reactive regarding Marie's health.

Norov

Old friend of Marie's father, reunited after 40 years of separation.

Notre-Dame de Paris

[Research needed]

Notre-Dame de Nice

Catholic church in Nice where charity collections are organized.

Nouvelle Revue

[Research needed]

O

Obidine

[Research needed]

Odessa (Odesa)

Odessa (modern Ukrainian: Одеса, Odesa; Russian: Одесса, Odessa) is a major port city on the Black Sea coast of Ukraine. In the 1870s, it was the Russian Empire's second most important port after St. Petersburg and one of its most cosmopolitan cities.

Oelsnitz

[Research needed]

Olga Anitchkoff

Member of the Anitchkoff family, known for erratic social behavior that Marie compares to her mother's.

Olga Sapogenikoff

Sister of Marie Sapogenikoff and friend of Marie Bashkirtseff in Nice during 1875. Part of the Russian expatriate community and the "Three Graces" society.

Oncle Etienne (Uncle Etienne)

Uncle Etienne is one of Marie's uncles who visits Gavronzi during summer 1881. He is likely a brother of Marie's father (Pavel Bashkirtseff) or possibly her mother's brother.

Oncle Wladimir (Uncle Wladimir)

Uncle Wladimir (Vladimir) is one of Marie's uncles who visits Gavronzi during summer 1881. Marie notes his talent for imitation and finds him amusing.

Opera

[Research needed]

Opera de Paris

[Research needed]

Orloff

[Research needed]

Orphee

[Research needed]

Orthodox Easter

The Eastern Orthodox celebration of Easter, which occurs on a different date from Catholic/Protestant Easter due to calendar differences between the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

Ostende (Ostend)

Ostende (French spelling of Ostend), a fashionable Belgian seaside resort on the North Sea coast where Marie Bashkirtseff spent August 1874 with her family. The city was a major summer destination for European aristocracy and wealthy bourgeoisie during the 19th century.

P

Paul de Cassagnac

Paul Adolphe Marie Prosper Granier de Cassagnac (1842-1904) was a French journalist, politician, and duelist. He was a prominent Bonapartist and editor of *Le Pays*, known for his fierce political writings and numerous duels.

Prince Eristoff

Marie's cousin, Russian prince.

Princess Galitzine

Russian princess who is antagonistic toward the Bashkirtseff family despite their kindness.

Pont Magnan (Magnan Bridge)

Bridge in Nice over the Magnan river, marking riding territory.

Pacha

[Research needed]

Palais Bourbon

[Research needed]

Palais-Royal

A historic palace and theater complex in central Paris (1st arrondissement). By the 1880s, the Palais-Royal included gardens, arcades with shops and cafés, and the Théâtre du Palais-Royal, known for light comedies and vaudevilles.

Palais de l Industrie

[Research needed]

Palajka

A person in the Bashkirtseff household who announces visitors. On May 3, 1873, Palajka interrupts Marie to tell her that "Egor Stepanovitch has arrived."

Papa (Constantin Bashkirtseff)

Marie's father, Constantin Bashkirtseff (sometimes written as Bashkirtseff), appears in her diary as "papa." He was a Russian nobleman and landowner from the Poltava region of Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire).

Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. For Marie Bashkirtseff, Paris represented the center of artistic, intellectual, and social life in Europe during the late 19th century.

Paris in the 1870s

Paris in the 1870s was a city in transition, recovering from the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) and the Paris Commune uprising (1871) while reestablishing itself as the cultural and fashion capital of Europe. The early 1870s marked the beginning of the Third Republic in France, a period of political reorganization following the fall of Napoleon III's Second Empire.

Paris Fashion

Paris as the center of fashion in the 1870s, setting trends for all of Europe.

Parthenon

[Research needed]

Passage Marbeuf

[Research needed]

Patinage

[Research needed]

Patton

A dinner guest at the Bashkirtseff home on May 3, 1873, for Marie's mother's name day celebration. Listed among the guests along with the Anitchkoffs and Lefevre.

Paul

Paul was Marie Bashkirtseff's younger brother, 14 years old in 1874, who lived with the family in Nice. He was close in age to Marie but severely neglected in his education and corrupted by bad influences.

Paul Grigorievitch Bashkirtseff

Marie's paternal grandfather. Russian general who served in the Crimean War. Father of Constantin Bashkirtseff (Marie's father) and four daughters.

Paul de Cassagnac

[Research needed]

Paul et Virginie

*Paul et Virginie* (1788) is a novel by Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre that tells the tragic love story of two young people raised together on the island of Mauritius. The story became one of the most popular French novels of the 18th and 19th centuries, known for its simple yet deeply moving narrative.

Pauline Orell

An identity or persona adopted by Marie Bashkirtseff as a disguise.

Pavloucha

Person in Marie's household who notices when she's upset about Lambertye not appearing.

Pavon

[Research needed]

Peinture

[Research needed]

Pension Huberkoller (Geneva)

Pension Huberkoller was a family boarding house (pension de famille) in Geneva where the Bashkirtseff family stayed in 1870 after initially lodging at the Hôtel de la Couronne. The pension had a spectacular view of Mont Blanc.

Pernety

[Research needed]

Petipa

Marius Petipa (1818-1910) was a French-born ballet dancer and choreographer who became one of the most influential figures in classical ballet history. During Marie's childhood in Russia (1860s), Petipa was rising to prominence at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, where he worked for nearly 60 years.

Photography (Photographie)

Photography was a relatively new technology in Marie's lifetime:

Phryne

Famous Greek courtesan (hetaera) of 4th century BCE Athens, model for Praxiteles.

Piccon

Nice separatist politician who gave controversial speech advocating Nice's separation from France. Marie names her new white dog after him.

Pierre-Alfred Ravel (Actor)

**Pierre-Alfred Ravel** (January 6, 1811 – April 26, 1881) was a celebrated French actor of the 19th century, best known for his appearances in comedies. He was born in Bordeaux, the son of a horse dealer.

Pietri

[Research needed]

Pigalle

Hat maker or milliner in Nice who creates fashionable headwear for Marie and her family.

Pitou

Male pet dog in the Bashkirtseff household who now has a female companion.

Place Masséna

Main square in Nice, center of social life and chance encounters. Named after Marshal André Masséna.

Place de la Concorde

[Research needed]

Plancy

[Research needed]

Planté

Musician performing in Nice concert, likely Francis Planté, renowned French pianist of the era.

Plobster

"Plobster" is Marie Bashkirtseff's invented code word for men who attract her attention, either through genuine appeal or ridiculous behavior. The term appears to be her creation, possibly a playful combination of words or a private joke within her circle.

Plutarque

[Research needed]

Poitrineau

[Research needed]

Polazac

[Research needed]

Poltava

Place - City

Poltava is a historic city in central Ukraine that served as the administrative center of Poltava Governorate (gubernia) during the Russian Empire. Marie Bashkirtseff was born near Poltava on November 11, 1859 (though some sources cite 1858), into a wealthy noble family.

Polycrate (Polycrates)

Polycrates, tyrant of Samos (c. 538-522 BCE), referenced by Marie in self-reflection.

Pont Neuf

Bridge or location in Nice.

Popaul

[Research needed]

Porchefontaine

Porchefontaine is a district in Versailles where horse races were held. Marie attends races there on Sunday, August 24, 1873.

Portrait

[Research needed]

Pourtales

[Research needed]

Pourville

[Research needed]

Prater

Marie's large dog who accompanied her in Paris and was well-known in society.

Pressac

[Research needed]

Pribilsky

[Research needed]

Prince Dolgorouky

Russian prince seen walking with Prince Wittgenstein on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice.

Prince Imperial (Napoléon Eugène Louis Bonaparte)

Napoléon Eugène Louis Jean Joseph Bonaparte (1856-1879), known as the Prince Imperial, was the only child of Emperor Napoleon III and Empress Eugénie. His death in June 1879 during the Zulu War was a major political and emotional event for Bonapartists, including Marie Bashkirtseff.

Prince Louis Esterhazy

Hungarian prince, renowned gentleman-rider who stayed at Shepheard's Hotel with Hamilton and won races on Hamilton's horse.

Prince Napoleon

[Research needed]

Prince Napoleon Jerome

[Research needed]

Prince Ouroussoff

[Research needed]

Prince Victor

[Research needed]

Prince of Wales

Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (1841-1910), later King Edward VII of England. Son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Marie becomes obsessed with him after seeing him at the theater in Nice in March 1875.

Princess Beatrice

[Research needed]

Princess Belocelsky

Russian princess, sister of Mlle Skobeleff who is marrying Grand Duke Nicolas in 1874.

Princess Souvoroff

Russian princess in Nice social circle. From one of Russia's most distinguished military families.

Princess de Sagan

[Research needed]

Princess of Monaco

Traveling companion of the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton to Constantinople in April 1874.

Princesse

[Research needed]

Prix de Rome

[Research needed]

Prodgers

English person in Nice social circles, known for participating in theatrical presentations and public pranks. Later revealed to be "la Prodgers" - a woman of questionable social standing.

Promenade des Anglais

The famous waterfront promenade in Nice, France, created in the 1820s by the English colony there. It became the social center of Nice's international community during the 19th century.

Providence

[Research needed]

Prince Tchetvertinski

Russian prince who reminds Marie strongly of someone named Chilovski in his manner of speaking. Present at the Masséna charity sale in February 1874.

Q

Quai Masséna

A waterfront quay in Nice, France, near the Jardin Public and connecting to the Promenade des Anglais. Named after André Masséna, Napoleon's marshal who was born in Nice.

Quai Saint-Jean-Baptiste

A quay or street in Nice where Marie ordered a dress on April 15, 1873.

Querteux

Fashion house or couturier that Marie chooses alongside Laferrière as an alternative to Worth.

R

Rane

[Research needed]

Raphael

[Research needed]

Ravel

A carriage or vehicle that Marie uses for transportation in Nice. Referenced as needing repairs which interfere with her lesson schedule.

Raymond

[Research needed]

Reboux (Caroline Reboux)

Caroline Reboux was one of the most prestigious milliners (hat makers) in Paris during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Her boutique at 23 Rue de la Paix was established in 1865 and became the premier destination for fashionable hats.

Rémy Moreno de Gonzalès

Marie's first admirer, listed as #1 in her list of suitors.

Rémy de Gonzalès

Young man from Baden-Baden who attempted romantic advances with Marie three years earlier (1871) when she was 12.

Rémy de Gonzalès Moreno

Rémy de Gonzalès Moreno was a 13-year-old boy Marie encountered in Baden-Baden around 1870. He was the son of an Argentine diplomat or official and represented the international children's society at European spa resorts.

Renard

Papa's beloved pet animal (likely a dog).

Renard bleu

[Research needed]

Revolution

[Research needed]

Revue nouvelle

Cultural Reference - Opera

[Research needed]

Rickard

A person in Marie's social circle in Nice during spring 1875. Appears to be English-speaking, as Marie mentions being self-conscious about speaking English in front of Collignon when with Rickard.

Rigoletto

*Rigoletto* is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi, first performed in 1851. The opera, with a libretto by Francesco Maria Piave based on Victor Hugo's play *Le roi s'amuse*, is one of Verdi's most celebrated works.

Rivoli

[Research needed]

Rob Roy

Horse Marie rides in 1874.

Robert-Fleury

[Research needed]

Robert

[Research needed]

Robert Fleury

[Research needed]

Robert Mitchell

[Research needed]

Rochefort Trial

The trial of Henri Rochefort (1830-1913), a French journalist and political figure, was a major political event in late 1880. Rochefort was a radical republican journalist known for his satirical attacks on the government and establishment.

Rodionoff

The Rodionoff family (also spelled Rodionov) appears 10 times in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary, marking them as regular members of the Russian expatriate community in Nice during 1873-1874. The name indicates Russian noble origins.

Rohan

[Research needed]

Roman Carnival (Carnevale di Roma)

The traditional pre-Lenten carnival celebration in Rome, one of the most famous festivals in 19th-century Europe. The Roman Carnival was particularly renowned for its horse races (Corsa dei Barberi), masked balls, and the Corso procession.

Romanoff (Uncle)

Romanoff was Marie's maternal uncle through the Babanine family - a wealthy 40-year-old bachelor who was ensnared in marriage by Marie's family through elaborate social manipulation. He had a sister whom he hadn't seen for twenty years and who was even wealthier than he was.

Rome

[Research needed]

Rosalie

[Research needed]

Rosalie Léon

Woman in Nice society. Originally thought to be fictional name for Wittgenstein in "Les Décavés," but appears to be real person.

Rosita

A friend in Marie's Parisian social circle who has recently returned from Spain. Part of the young social set that attends soirées and balls.

Rothschild

[Research needed]

Rouher

[Research needed]

Rousseau painter

[Research needed]

Rudiger

Rue Saint-François

A street in Nice where Marie encounters Prince Tchetvertinski, Mlle de Galve, and M. Zveguinzoff riding horses.

Rue Vivienne

Rue Vivienne is a street in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris, running north from the Palais Brongniart (Stock Exchange) area.

Rue de Boulogne

[Research needed]

Rue de Rivoli

[Research needed]

Rue de la Paix

[Research needed]

Rue de la Santé

Rue de la Santé is a street in the 13th and 14th arrondissements of Paris, running north-south near the Observatory district. The street's name derives from a former hospital.

Rue du Chateau dEau

[Research needed]

Rumpelmayer

Rumpelmayer was a famous confectionery and pastry shop in Nice during the 19th century, frequently mentioned in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary. The establishment was part of the Rumpelmayer chain, which had several locations in fashionable European resort towns.

Russia

Russia plays a significant role in Marie Bashkirtseff's identity and background. Though she spent much of her life in Western Europe, Marie was born in Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire) and maintained strong cultural and familial ties to Russia throughout her life.

Russie

[Research needed]

S

Saint-Pétersbourg (St. Petersburg)

Saint-Pétersbourg (St. Petersburg) was the capital of the Russian Empire from 1712 to 1918. Founded by Peter the Great in 1703, it was Russia's "window on Europe" - a planned city built in Western European style on the Baltic Sea.

S... Family

A family in Nice society with whom Marie's family dined on the evening of February 11, 1873. Marie refers to them as "les S..." using the abbreviated form typical of her diary when she wants to preserve some discretion about identities.

Sabatier Family

Family in Nice society with daughter who attends Howard theater evening.

Sabatier Family

Wealthy French family with at least two marriageable daughters in Nice society.

Sacco

Sacco appears 12 times in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary and was clearly a flower shop or florist establishment in Nice that the family patronized regularly. The shop played a role in the social life of the expatriate community, as flowers were essential for social occasions.

Saëtone (Saetone)

Saëtone appears 16 times in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary during 1873-1874, indicating they were a regular part of her social circle in Nice. The name suggests Italian origins, fitting with Nice's proximity to Italy and its mixed French-Italian cultural heritage.

Saïd

Saïd appears to be a servant or staff member in the Bashkirtseff household in Nice during 1873. He is mentioned briefly in Marie's September 17, 1873 diary entry when she discusses ordering a livery (uniform) for him.

Saint Agathe

Saint Agathe is a correspondent of Marie's during her time in Russia (summer 1881). Marie mentions receiving letters from Saint Agathe, suggesting ongoing correspondence while she is at Gavronzi.

Saint-Amand

Saint-Amand appears in Marie's diary during her Paris period in 1880. He is characterized as a musical friend who performs opera arias with piano accompaniment.

Saint Augustin

[Research needed]

Saint Marceaux

[Research needed]

Sainte-Beuve

Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (1804-1869), major French literary critic and writer.

Salon (Paris Salon)

The Paris Salon was the official annual art exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris. It was the most prestigious art event in France and the Western world during the 19th century, determining artistic reputation and commercial success.

Salting

Participant in Monaco pigeon shoots during the 1870s.

Samaritaines

Charitable organization in Nice that benefited from concerts and cultural events in the 1870s. Marie mentions attending a charity concert for their benefit at Valrose on March 1, 1874.

Samartseff

Beneficiary of charity concert in Nice, February 1874.

San Remo

[Research needed]

Sandford

[Research needed]

Sapogenikoff Family

A Russian family with daughters Marie and Olga who become close friends with Marie Bashkirtseff in Nice during 1875. They are part of the Russian expatriate community and participate in the social life of the French Riviera.

Sarah

[Research needed]

Sarah Bernhardt

[Research needed]

Savarre

[Research needed]

Schlangenbad

[Research needed]

Schulenberg

[Research needed]

Scotland

Scotland is mentioned in the May 1, 1873 entry in a significant context. When discussing summer travel plans at lunch, Mlle Collignon suggests "the mountains of Scotland" while looking at Marie, causing her to blush intensely.

Sculpture

[Research needed]

Second Empire

[Research needed]

Sedan

[Research needed]

Seilliere

[Research needed]

Sevastianoff

[Research needed]

Shakespeare

[Research needed]

Shepheard's Hotel

Famous British colonial hotel in Cairo where the Duke of Hamilton stayed during his Egyptian travels.

Simone

Seamstress or dressmaker who handles alterations and fittings for Marie's clothing, including pieces from prestigious fashion houses like Worth.

Sir Frederic Johnstone

Sir Frederic Johnstone (1841-1913) was a British baronet and racing enthusiast who became one of Marie's romantic obsessions during her time in Nice. He was known for his involvement in the racing world and his connections to the Prince of Wales's circle.

Sir W. Call

Winner or honoree at 1874 Monaco Pigeon Shoot.

Sivari

Musician performing with Planté in Nice concert.

Sivori

[Research needed]

Skebinsky

Skebinsky appears to be a legal professional or intermediary involved in handling some family legal matter for Marie's mother at Gavronzi during summer 1881.

Smirnoff

A gentleman in the Nice Russian social circle who appears at various gatherings and social events.

Soden

[Research needed]

Solominka

Solominka appears frequently in Marie Bashkirtseff's 1873 diary as a regular companion and member of their social circle in Nice. The name suggests Russian or Eastern European origins, fitting with the expatriate community around the Bashkirtseffs.

Sonitchka (Sophie Grigorievna)

A friend of Marie's, involved in the famous "flower incident" during the Nice Carnival of February 23, 1873.

Sophie (Ma tante)

Sophie is Marie Bashkirtseff's aunt ("ma tante"), one of the most important figures in her early diary. Throughout 1873-1874, Sophie served as Marie's primary guardian during the family's European travels.

Sophie Dolgikoff

Mademoiselle Sophie Dolgikoff was one of Marie Bashkirtseff's governesses during her childhood in Russia. She was notably young for a governess - only 16 years old when she entered the Bashkirtseff household.

Sophie Warrodel

Née Sonia Antonsky, now married as Mme Warrodel.

Soria

A handsome young man whom Marie's mother considers a more suitable romantic interest than Comte Lambertye.

Sorokooumovski

Wealthy Russian fur merchant family with a bachelor heir proposed as match for Marie.

Sorrento

[Research needed]

Soubise

Soubise was a woman in Nice who appears in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary as a companion or friend of Gioia, the Duke of Hamilton's mistress. Marie mentions her in September 1873 entries, comparing her to someone named "Pitou" and noting her presence with Gioia during encounters in Nice.

Soucap

Person who appears to have died, mentioned in context of Marie's gambling winnings.

Sourny

Sourny appears to be a location (likely a town or estate) near Karkoff where Marie and her family stay for several days in July 1881, conducting business negotiations with her uncle Alexandre.

Soutzo

[Research needed]

Souvoroff

[Research needed]

Souza

[Research needed]

Spang

Woman in Nice social circle being courted by comte de Lareld. Associated with Leech.

Sperandio

Sperandio is a household member or servant at Gavronzi during summer 1881. He appears to be part of the domestic staff who assists with Marie's care.

St. Petersburg

Saint Petersburg (French: Saint-Pétersbourg, Russian: Sankt-Peterburg, Санкт-Петербу́рг) was the capital of the Russian Empire from 1712 to 1918.

Stephan

Another young man who kissed Marie's hand, mentioned in comparison to Rémy de Gonzalès.

Stephan Raffalovitch

One of Marie's early admirers, listed as her second suitor.

Stiopa

"Uncle Stiopa" (Uncle Stepan) - Russian family member who visits Nice with wife Machenka in January 1874 and remains as regular household member.

Striker

Family with at least two sons in Nice society. Marie refers to them by number.

Stuttgart

Capital of Württemberg (later Baden-Württemberg), Germany. Destination for Rémy de Gonzalès's departure from Baden-Baden.

Suicide

[Research needed]

T

The Allen Family

English or American family in Nice including Mr. Allen, Mrs. Allen, and their son "le jeune Allen," who socialize with the Bashkirtseff and Howard families.

The Barber of Seville (Le Barbier de Séville)

Opera buffa by Gioachino Rossini (1816), based on Beaumarchais' comedy. One of the most popular comic operas of the 19th century.

The Howard Family

An English family wintering in Nice with whom Marie had a friendly relationship. The family included a mother and daughters (referred to as "the Howards") who invited Marie for horseback rides and social visits.

Tableau

[Research needed]

Taine

[Research needed]

Tanlay

[Research needed]

Tarbe

[Research needed]

Tarnakoff

A gentleman who briefly accompanied the Bashkirtseff family in their carriage during the Mardi Gras carnival festivities.

Tcherniakovka

Former Bashkirtseff family estate in Ukraine, representing both their lost grandeur and provincial ways Marie now disdains.

Tchernichoff (Tchemichoff)

Russian man with a scandalous past, introduced to the Bashkirtseff family. His first wife allegedly poisoned herself over his affair.

Tchoumakoff

[Research needed]

Te Deum

Ancient Latin Christian hymn of praise, traditionally sung at special celebrations and thanksgivings.

Teachers and Tutors

Marie Bashkirtseff's education in Nice involved multiple teachers and tutors, reflecting the comprehensive education expected for young women of her social class. These educators taught various subjects and represented different nationalities and specialties.

Tebbitt Family

English family in Nice society. Marie dismisses them as ordinary, not part of the elegant world.

Terffidua

A young man who appears to be pursuing Marie and her companions in Nice. The name may be a pseudonym or nickname that Marie uses to refer to him.

Theater (Théâtre)

Theater-going is a central social activity in Marie's Nice life during the 1873-74 winter season. The theater serves as both entertainment and crucial social observatory where she watches aristocratic society, tracks Gioia, and is observed by potential suitors like Lambertye.

Theatre

[Research needed]

Théophile Gautier

Person - Writer

Théophile Gautier (1811-1872) was a French poet, novelist, journalist, and art critic. He is best known as a major proponent of "art for art's sake" (*l'art pour l'art*) and as a bridge between Romanticism and later aesthetic movements.

Thiers

[Research needed]

Thomas de Barbarin

French acquaintance who attends Marie's social gatherings in Paris in late 1880.

Three Graces Society

A playful society formed by Marie Bashkirtseff and the Sapogenikoff sisters in Nice during spring 1875. Named after the three Graces (Charites) from Greek mythology.

Tibet

Young man at the Howards' children's matinee who shows attention to Marie.

Tichkevitch

Person mocked along with Mlle Kolokolzoff by Marie's social circle.

Tir aux pigeons

Pigeon shooting event in Nice/Monte Carlo area, popular aristocratic sport.

Tireuse de cartes

[Research needed]

Tolkatch

Tolkatch is a juge d'instruction (examining magistrate/investigator) involved in a legal case connected to the Bashkirtseff family. Marie's uncle Alexandre has manipulated him through an elaborate scheme.

Tolstoy (Tolstoï)

The Tolstoy family appears 19 times in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary during 1873-1874. While the name immediately brings to mind the famous writer Leo Tolstoy, the diary references appear to be to members of the broader Tolstoy family who were part of the Russian expatriate community in Nice.

Tony

[Research needed]

Tony Robert Fleury

[Research needed]

Toulon

Toulon is a major port city on the Mediterranean coast in southeastern France. Marie passes through Toulon on August 28, 1873, during her train journey from Paris to Nice.

Train

[Research needed]

Tramway

[Research needed]

Trebinsky

Someone in Marie's circle whom she refers to as "le sauvage Trebinsky" (the savage Trebinsky) and "apprentis-vétérinaires" (apprentice veterinarians). The hostile tone suggests someone spreading rumors about Marie's health.

Trehern

Member of the Monaco shooting society in the 1870s.

Tremolile

[Research needed]

Trifon

Long-serving family servant suspected of stealing 1,200 roubles from the Bashkirtseff father's cashbox. Son of servant who served family for 40 years.

Trocadero

[Research needed]

Troyon

[Research needed]

Tuileries

[Research needed]

Turquan

[Research needed]

The Tutscheff Family

A Russian family in Nice whose social choices caused tension in Marie's family's social relationships.

U

U... Family

A family in Nice society that experienced a tragedy on February 10, 1873, when the mother died suddenly. Marie refers to "le jeune U..." who was told his mother was very ill during lunch, but she had already died before he arrived.

Un ballo in maschera (A Masked Ball)

*Un ballo in maschera* ('A Masked Ball') is an 1859 opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi with libretto by Antonio Somma, based on Eugène Scribe's libretto for Daniel Auber's 1833 opera *Gustave III, ou Le bal masqué*. It premiered at the Teatro Apollo in Rome on February 17, 1859, and was immediately successful.

Un chapeau de paille d'Italie (An Italian Straw Hat)

*Un chapeau de paille d'Italie* (An Italian Straw Hat) is a five-act comedy by Eugène Labiche, written in collaboration with Marc-Michel. It premiered at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris on August 14, 1851, and became one of the most celebrated French farces of the 19th century.

V

Vincenzo Bellini

Vincenzo Bellini (1801-1835) was an Italian opera composer of the bel canto era. His opera "La Sonnambula" (The Sleepwalker) was performed at the Cercle de la Méditerranée on February 7, 1873.

Victor Massé

Victor Massé (1822-1884), French composer known for his operas and operettas. He composed the opera "Paul et Virginie" (1876) based on Bernardin de Saint-Pierre's famous novel.

Vaillant

An upscale Parisian florist described by Marie as "pas un fleuriste ordinaire, c'est un artiste raffiné" (not an ordinary florist, he's a refined artist).

Vallon

[Research needed]

Valrose

Prestigious venue in Nice where concerts and social events were held in the 1870s. Marie attended a charity concert there on March 1, 1874, for the benefit of the Samaritaines.

Valsenter

A tall woman in Nice society whom Marie calls an "obélisque" (obelisk).

Var Races (Courses du Var)

Horse races held near Nice in February 1873, one of the major social events of the winter season on the French Riviera. Marie describes the races on February 5, 1873 as "Le plus grand jour de la saison pour moi."

Varsovie (Warsaw / Warszawa)

Varsovie (Polish: Warszawa, Warsaw) is the capital of Poland. In 1881, it was under Russian control as part of Congress Poland. Marie passes through on her journey from Russia to Western Europe.

Vassil

Vassil is a cook who serves the Bashkirtseff family at Gavronzi. He accompanies the family on their journey to Kremontchougy to prepare meals during the excursion.

Vassilissa Babanine

Vassilissa Babanine was Marie's great-aunt, the sister of Grand-papa (Marie's maternal grandfather). She was described as having been "belle, riche, jeune, élégante, charmante et spirituelle" (beautiful, rich, young, elegant, charming and witty) in her youth but died abandoned and impoverished in a small room at her brother's estate.

Vassilissa Egorovna

A person mentioned in conversation during Marie's visit to the [#Howards](Howard_Family.md) on March 4, 1874. The discussion about Vassilissa Egorovna appears to have been connected to comments about [#Bête](Bete.md).

Veauce

[Research needed]

Vernette

[Research needed]

Versailles

[Research needed]

Viatka (Vyatka)

Viatka (also spelled Vyatka, now called Kirov) was a provincial city in northeastern European Russia, 896 kilometers northeast of Moscow. In the 19th century, it served as a place of administrative exile for political and troublesome subjects.

Vicomtesse Vigier

An aristocratic woman in Nice society whom Boreel was visiting. The title "vicomtesse" indicates nobility, placing her in the upper echelons of Nice society that Marie and her family moved in. Marie also mentions a "Vigier" (possibly the Vicomte, her husband) whom she encounters and exchanges greetings with.

Victor Emmanuel II

[Research needed]

Victor Hugo

[Research needed]

Vienna (Vienne)

Capital of Austria-Hungary, destination for Prince Esterhazy and location of important horse races.

Vienna World Exhibition of 1873

The Vienna World Exhibition (Weltausstellung 1873 Wien) was held from May 1 to November 2, 1873, in the Austro-Hungarian capital. It was the fifth world exposition and the first to be held in a German-speaking country. The exhibition was designed to showcase industrial, cultural, and scientific achievements from around the world and coincided with Emperor Franz Joseph I's 25th anniversary as ruler.

Villa 55

A villa property owned by the Bashkirtseff family in Nice, serving as a private retreat and social gathering place.

Villa Baquis (Villa Buffa)

Villa Baquis, which Marie contemptuously calls "Buffa," was the Bashkirtseff family's residence in Nice during 1873. Located in what Marie considered an inferior neighborhood, the villa represented a significant step down from their previous accommodations and became a symbol of the family's declining social position.

Villa Carlone

A substantial property in Nice that the Bashkirtseff family purchased in February 1874 for 218,000 francs. Located on rue de la Préfecture, it became their new residence.

Villa Gambart

Villa in Nice, landmark on the route to the races.

Ville dAvray

[Research needed]

Villevielle

[Research needed]

Vintimille

French-Italian border town (Ventimiglia in Italian) where the Bashkirtseff family's Genoa trip ended in chaos.

Violettes

[Research needed]

Visconti

A business establishment in Nice where Marie obtained carnival tickets. The Nice Carnival was (and remains) one of the major social events of the Riviera season, typically held in February before Lent. For Marie's social circle, attending the carnival would have been an important occasion for seeing and being seen.

Viviani

Social acquaintance who invites the Bashkirtseff family to Beaulieu.

Vocha Danilovski

Man who made acquaintance with Marie's mother. Had smallpox.

Von Derwies

Voyeïkoff (Madame Voyeïkoff)

Madame Voyeïkoff was a Russian acquaintance of the Bashkirtseff family, living in Paris with her children in August 1873. Marie had known the family previously and is disappointed by how much Madame Voyeïkoff has changed.

W

Waddington

[Research needed]

Walery Studio

The Walery photography studio was a prestigious portrait photography establishment in Paris during the late 19th century. It was founded by Count Stanisław Julian Ostroróg (1830-1890), a Polish nobleman who fled to France after participating in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. He established the studio under the name "Walery" (derived from his wife's name, Waleria).

Walitsky (Walitzky, Lucien)

Dr. Lucien Walitsky (also spelled Walitzky) was a Polish-Russian physician who served as district doctor at Akhtyrka in Ukraine before becoming the Bashkirtseff family physician and traveling companion during their European journey beginning in 1870.

Walzeff

Potential marriage candidate discussed by Marie's family.

Warrodel

A person in Nice society who got married in 1874.

Wash

Location or establishment, possibly a school, where Paul is picked up and where Gioia's son attends.

Web

Wiesbaden

Wiik

[Research needed]

Wittgenstein

Wittgenstein appears in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary as a member of the aristocratic society in Nice during 1873. The family owned a villa in Nice and was part of the international high society that wintered on the French Riviera.

Wodzinski

Wodzinski is a visitor to the Bashkirtseff household in Paris during 1880. Marie's aunt uses his presence to publicly complain about Marie's behavior.

Woerman

A person in Nice society whom Marie considers a "fou" (madman). Has unpleasant manners that Marie dislikes.

Woerth

Race horse competing at Nice races in 1874.

Woldemar

Woldemar was a family member or family associate who served as a messenger between Marie's mother in Russia and Marie in Paris in 1880.

Wolmershausen

London tailor at 49 Curzon Street, Mayfair.

Worth

[Research needed]

Wykerslooth

[Research needed]

Y

Yakovleff

Russian member of the Nice winter colony.

Yalta

Yalta (Russian: Ялта, Ukrainian: Ялта) is a resort city on the south coast of the Crimean Peninsula, on the Black Sea. In the 1870s, it served as a fashionable destination for Russian imperial family and nobility.

Yorke

[Research needed]

Youlia Stepanovna

Russian woman whom Marie calls "la sorcière" (the witch). Gives Marie disapproving looks at social events.

Z

Zaïtchenko

Russian merchant who Marie previously referred to as "28" - her numerological admirer from church.

Zamiatine

The Zamiatine family were legal adversaries of Marie's mother in a lawsuit in Russia in 1880. Marie refers to them with evident hostility.

Zenkovski

Person Tchernichoff resembles, along with "vieux Emile."

Zola

[Research needed]

Zualart

Man in Lambertye's social circle whom Marie finds particularly repulsive.

Zurlo