Kiev (Kyiv / Київ)

Research Status: Comprehensive Last Updated: 2025-01-24 Diary Coverage: Up to July 1881

Kiev (Ukrainian: Київ, Kyiv; Russian: Киев) is a major historic city in Ukraine, situated on the Dnieper River. Marie visits in July 1881 during her journey from Gavronzi back to Western Europe.

Key Diary References:

• July 21, 1881: "Nous voici à Kiev, la ville sainte, 'la mère de toutes les villes russes'"
• Marie describes Kiev's history, its connection to Saint Vladimir who baptized his people in the Dnieper
• She notes the beauty of the Dnieper River and its picturesque banks
• Describes Kiev as built "en désordre, pêle-mêle" with upper and lower towns, steep streets
• Comments on the vast distances and numerous churches
• Notes the lack of ancient monuments due to early Russian construction methods

Historical Context:

• Ancient capital of Kievan Rus'
• One of the oldest and most important cities in Eastern Europe
• Founded traditionally around 482 CE
• Center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in the region
• Known as "the mother of Rus' cities"
• Saint Vladimir (Volodymyr) converted to Christianity in 988 and baptized the population in the Dnieper

19th Century Kiev:

• Major administrative, cultural, and religious center of the Russian Empire
• Important university city (founded 1834)
• Growing commercial center with river port
• Connected by rail to Moscow, Odessa, and Western Europe
• Mix of sacred and commercial functions
• Famous for its churches and monasteries (Pechersk Lavra, St. Sophia's Cathedral)

Marie's Visit:

• Transit point on journey from Gavronzi to Paris
• Marie reflects on Russian civilization and architecture
• Appreciates the natural beauty of the Dnieper
• Critical of urban planning but finds the city interesting